Abstract
We examined associations between specific antibiotic exposures and progression to lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) following individual respiratory viral infections (RVIs) after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We analyzed allogeneic HCT recipients of all ages with their first RVI during the first 100 days post-HCT. For the 21 days before RVI onset, we recorded any receipt of specific groups of antibiotics, and the cumulative sum of the number of antibiotics received for each day (antibiotic-days). We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the relationship between antibiotic exposure and progression to LRTD. Among 469 patients with RVI, 124 progressed to LRTD. Compared to no antibiotics, use of antibiotics with broad anaerobic activity in the prior 21 days was associated with progression to LRTD after adjusting for age, virus type, hypoalbuminemia, neutropenia, steroid use, and monocytopenia (HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.1). Greater use of those antibiotics (≥7 antibiotic days) was also associated with LRTD in adjusted models (HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.3). Results were similar after adjusting for lymphopenia instead of monocytopenia. Antibiotic use is associated with LRTD after RVI across different viruses in HCT recipients. Prospective studies using anaerobe-sparing antibiotics should be explored to assess impact on LRTD in patients undergoing HCT.
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Data availability
Data supporting the findings from this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Chris Davis, Madeline Kesten and Ryan Basom for database services.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant numbers K23AI139385 to CO, R01HL081595 and K24HL093294 to MB, CA18029 to WML [clinical database]); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division (biorepository); Seattle Children’s Research Institute Clinical Research Scholars Program Award to CO.
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Authorship contribution: CO designed this study, assisted in analysis, interpreted results, and wrote the manuscript; EMK and WML performed the statistical analysis and wrote the manuscript; JLG, CL, AW, SAP and DNF provided clinical input, interpretation of results, and reviewed the manuscript; KRJ provided technical oversight for laboratory, and reviewed the manuscript; JAE and MB provided oversight, designed this study, interpreted results, and reviewed the manuscript.
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AW reports grant support from Ansun Biopharma, Allovir, VB Tech, Amazon, Inc, GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer, and is an Advisory Board Member for Kyorin Pharmaceutical. JAE reports grant support from AstraZeneca, Merck, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline and Novavax, an Advisory Board Member and consultant for Sanofi Pasteur, Meissa Vaccines, Teva Pharmaceuticals and Astra Zeneca. MB reports grant support from Amazon, GSK, Janssen, Gilead and VirBio, and a consultant for Allovir, Merck, Janssen, Gilead, Kyorin Pharmaceuticals, and VirBio, and an Advisory Board Member for Evrys Bio. All other authors report no potential conflicts. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.
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Ogimi, C., Krantz, E.M., Golob, J.L. et al. Exposure to antibiotics with anaerobic activity before respiratory viral infection is associated with respiratory disease progression after hematopoietic cell transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 57, 1765–1773 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-022-01790-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-022-01790-8