Aerobic exercise improves cognitive function in older adults with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), according to findings from a randomized controlled trial published recently in Neurology. 70 participants with mild VCI were assigned to thrice-weekly aerobic exercise and usual care including patient education, or usual care only. At 6 months, cognitive function scale score and diastolic blood pressure — a key risk factor for VCI — were improved in the exercise group; however, 6 months after the intervention ended, no significant difference was observed between the exercise and control groups, suggesting that long-term intervention is needed for a lasting benefit.