Head injury and genetic variants of the α-synuclein-encoding SNCA might co-influence susceptibility to Parkinson disease (PD), a new study shows. Regression analysis of history of head injury and SNCA alleles in 561 individuals with idiopathic PD and 721 controls indicated that certain SNCA variants were associated with 3–4.5-fold risk for PD after head injury. Interplay between head injury and α-synuclein variants could explain why previous reports of the link between PD and head injury have been inconclusive.