Biomarkers are needed to accurately represent or predict clinical outcomes for optimal management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in clinical practice. Growth differentiation factor-15, a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, has an independent prognostic role for major bleeding and death in patients with AF receiving oral anticoagulation.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are supported by RD12/0042/0049 (RETICS) from ISCIII and PI13/00513/FEDER from ISCIII.
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F.M. has received funding for research, consultancy, and lecturing from Abbott, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Pfizer, and Daiichi Sankyo. V.R. has received funding for consultancy and lecturing from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Bristol-Myers Squibb.
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Marín, F., Roldán, V. GDF-15 and risk stratification in atrial fibrillation. Nat Rev Cardiol 12, 8–9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2014.190
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2014.190