Abstract
Development of diverse multicellular organisms relies on coordination of single-cell polarities within the plane of the tissue layer (planar polarity). Cell polarity often involves plasma membrane heterogeneity generated by accumulation of specific lipids and proteins into membrane subdomains. Coordinated hair positioning along Arabidopsis root epidermal cells provides a planar polarity model in plants, but knowledge about the functions of proteo-lipid domains in planar polarity signalling remains limited. Here we show that Rho-of-plant (ROP) 2 and 6, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase 3 (PIP5K3), DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN (DRP) 1A and DRP2B accumulate in a sterol-enriched, polar membrane domain during root hair initiation. DRP1A, DRP2B, PIP5K3 and sterols are required for planar polarity and the AGCVIII kinase D6 PROTEIN KINASE (D6PK) is a modulator of this process. D6PK undergoes phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate- and sterol-dependent basal-to-planar polarity switching into the polar, lipid-enriched domain just before hair formation, unravelling lipid-dependent D6PK localization during late planar polarity signalling.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to T. Aoyama, S.Y. Bednarek, D.W. Ehrhardt, N. Geldner, B. Scheres, N. Tsutsumi, R.E. Williamson and Z. Yang for sharing published materials. We thank the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre for providing seed stocks. A.H. and T.S. were supported by a grant from the Swedish Kempe foundations to M.G., A.H. and A.G. were supported by a ‘ShapeSystems’ project grant number 2012.0050 by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg foundation to M.G., T.S. and M.G. were supported by ERC-2010-STG Green-Lat-Pol, grant number 260699 to M.G.
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M.G. conceived the project. A.H., C.S., I.C.R.B., M.G., T.S. and S.P. designed experiments. A.G., A.H., C.S.K., I.C.R.B., K.B., M.G., M.Z., S.P. and T.S. performed experiments and interpreted the results. I.C.R.B., M.Z. and C.S. provided unpublished materials, discussions on experimental design and interpretation of results. M.G. and T.S. wrote the manuscript. All authors read the manuscript, edited and commented on it before submission.
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Stanislas, T., Hüser, A., Barbosa, I. et al. Arabidopsis D6PK is a lipid domain-dependent mediator of root epidermal planar polarity. Nature Plants 1, 15162 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.162
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.162
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