Synaptic plasticity during learning is as fundamental as it is hard to study. The underlying synaptic plasticity rule has now been inferred using only the firing rate statistics of visual neurons in monkeys before and after learning.
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Senn, W., Sacramento, J. Backward reasoning the formation rules. Nat Neurosci 18, 1705–1706 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4172
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4172