Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) has traditionally been viewed as an adaptive response triggered by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and aimed at restoring ER function. The UPR can also be an anticipatory response that is activated well before the disruption of protein homeostasis. UPR signaling intersects at many levels with the innate and adaptive immune responses. In some types of cells of the immune system, such as dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells, particular sensors that detect the UPR seem to be constitutively active in the absence of induction of the traditional UPR gene program and are necessary for antigen presentation and immunoglobulin synthesis. The UPR also influences signaling via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, and some pathogens subvert the UPR. This Review summarizes these emerging noncanonical functions of the UPR in immunity.
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Acknowledgements
We thank F. Martinon, P. de Bleser, P. Hulpiau and L. Martens for comments on the bioinformatics analysis. Supported by the European Research Council (B.N.L.), Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (B.N.L. and S.J.), University of Ghent Multidisciplinary Research Platform (B.N.L and S.J.), the US National Institutes of Health (R37 DK057665, R37 AI048638, U19 AI090023 and U19 AI057266 to B.P.) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (B.P.).
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Janssens, S., Pulendran, B. & Lambrecht, B. Emerging functions of the unfolded protein response in immunity. Nat Immunol 15, 910–919 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2991
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2991
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ER stress abrogates the immunosuppressive effect of IL-10 on human macrophages through inhibition of STAT3 activation
Inflammation Research (2019)