Abstract
LAVA domes grow by a combination of endogenous (intrusive) and exogenous (extrusive) addition of magma, either as single continuous events1,2 or through a series of relatively small pulses which together build a larger construct3. Evaluating the hazards that attend growth of a dome requires an assessment of the processes controlling whether lava is added to its interior or surface, because many of these dangers depend on how volatiles are admitted to or released from hot magma. If the volatile pressure inside an inflating dome becomes high enough, sudden exposure provided by flow-front slumping can lead to explosive decompression and the generation of pyroclastic flows4,5. On the other hand, lava erupted on the oversteepened surface of a dome may collapse, fragment and mix with snow or ice to form pyroclastic flows, surges and mudflows6,7. Here we provide a quantitative assessment of the partitioning of magma into endogenous intrusions and exogenous lobes, using high-resolution, digital topographic maps of the Mount St Helens dome derived from aerial photographs taken periodically between 1980 and 1986. Endogenous, exogenous and total volume production rates follow distinct trends which provide important clues about the nature of eruption mechanisms. Calculating endogenous and exogenous components for active domes like those recently formed at Redoubt Volcano may help quantify magma-chamber processes and provide another tool for understanding the re-equilibration of shallow magmatic systems.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Huppert, H. E., Shepherd, J. B., Sigurdsson, H. & Sparks, R. S. J. J. Volcan. geotherm. Res. 14, 199–222 (1982).
Taylor, G. A. M. Aust. Bur. Miner. Res. Bull. 38, 1–129 (1958).
Swanson, D. A. et al. Spec. Pap. geol. Soc. Am. 212, 1–16 (1987).
Rose, W. I., Pearson, T. & Bonis, S. Bull. Volcan. 40, 53–70 (1977).
Fink, J. H. & Manley, C. R. Int. Ass. Volcan. Chem. Earth's Inter. Proc. Volcan. Vol. 1 (ed. Latter, J.) 169–179 (Springer, Berlin, 1989).
Heiken, G. & Wohletz, K. Spec. Pap. geol. Soc. Am. 212, 55–76 (1987).
Mellors, R. A., Waitt, R. B. & Swanson, D. A. Bull. Volcan. 50, 14–25 (1988).
Holcomb, R. T. & Colony, W. E. (abstr.) Proc. Gen. Assembly Int. Un. Geodesy Geophys. vol. 2, 417 (IUGG, Vancouver, 1987).
Swanson, D. A. & Holcomb, R. T. Int. Ass. Volcan. Chem. Earth's Inter. Proc. Volcan. Vol. 2 (ed. Fink, J. H.) 1–24 (Springer, Berlin, 1990).
Hulme, G. Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc. 39, 361–383 (1974).
Cashman, K. V. Bull. Volcan. 50, 194–209 (1988).
Anderson, S. W. & Fink, J. H. Int. Ass. Volcan. Chem. Earth's Inter. Proc. Volcan. Vol. 2 (ed. Fink, J. H.) 25–46 (Springer, Berlin, 1990).
Anderson, S. W. & Fink, J. H. Nature 341, 521–523 (1989).
Chadwick, W. W. Jr, Archuleta, R. J. & Swanson, D. A. J. geophys. Res. 93, 4351–4366 (1988).
Denlinger, R. Int. Ass. Volcan. Chem. Earth's Inter. Proc. Volcan. Vol. 2 (ed. Fink, J. H.) 70–87 (Springer, Berlin, 1990).
Iverson, R. Int. Ass. Volcan. Chem. Earth's Inter. Proc. Volcan. Vol. 2 (ed. Fink, J. H.) 47–69 (Springer, Berlin, 1990).
Dzurisin, D., Denlinger, R. P. & Rosenbaum, J. G. J. geophys. Res. 95, 2763–2780 (1990).
Casadevall, T. et al. Science 221, 1383–1385 (1983).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fink, J., Malin, M. & Anderson, S. Intrusive and extrusive growth of the Mount St Helens lava dome. Nature 348, 435–437 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1038/348435a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/348435a0
This article is cited by
-
Lessons learned from the 1980–1986 eruption of the Mount St. Helens composite lava dome
Bulletin of Volcanology (2023)
-
UAS-based tracking of the Santiaguito Lava Dome, Guatemala
Scientific Reports (2020)
-
Paleomagnetic determination of the age and properties of the 1780–1800 AD dome effusion/collapse episode of Mt. Taranaki, New Zealand
Bulletin of Volcanology (2019)
-
Characteristics and consequences of lava dome collapse at Ruawahia, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
Bulletin of Volcanology (2018)
-
Seismic signals of rockfalls as indicators of the origin of lava fragments emplaced during the 2010 endogenous and exogenous growth in the crater of Volcán de Colima, México
Bulletin of Volcanology (2017)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.