Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Review Article
  • Published:

Geochemical constraints on core formation in the Earth

Abstract

New experimental data on the partitioning of siderophile and chalcophile elements among metallic and silicate phases may be used to constrain hypotheses of core formation in the Earth. Three current hypotheses can explain gross features of mantle geochemistry, but none predicts siderophile and chalcophile element abundances to within a factor of two of observed values. Either our understanding of metal–silicate interactions and / or our understanding of the early Earth requires revision.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Brett, R. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 14, 375–383 (1976).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Urey, H. C. The Planets (Yale University Press, New Haven, 1952).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Stevenson, D. J. Science 214, 611–619 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ringwood, A. E. Origin of the Earth and Moon (Springer, Berlin, 1979).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  5. Ringwood, A. E. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 35, 223–230 (1971).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Morgan, J. W., Wandless, G. A., Petrie, R. K. & Irving, A. J. Proc. Lunar planet. Sci. Conf. 11, 213–233 (1980).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Jones, J. H. & Drake, M. J. Eos 62, 1073–1074 (1981); Proc. Lunar planet. Sci. Conf. 13, 369–370 (1982); 15, 413–414 (1984); 16, 412–413 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Brett, R. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 48, 1183–1188 (1984).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wänke, H. Phil Trans. R. Soc. A 303, 287–302 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Jones, J. H. & Drake, M. J. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 47, 1199–1209 (1983).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Jagoutz, E. et al. Proc. Lunar planet. Sci. Conf. 10, 2031–2050 (1979).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Chou, C.-L., Shaw, D. M. & Crocket, J. H. J. geophys. Res. 88, A507–A518 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Drake, M. J. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 47, 1759–1767 (1983).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Newsom, H. E. & Drake, M. J. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 47, 93–100 (1983).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Newsom, H. E. & Palme, H. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 69, 354–364 (1984).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Laul, J. C., Keays, R. R., Ganapathy, R., Anders, E. & Morgan, J. W. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 36, 329–345 (1972).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hertogen, J., Janssens, M.-J. & Palme, H. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 44, 2125–2143 (1980).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Brown, J. M., Ahrens, T. J. & Shampine, D. L. J. geophys. Res. 89, 6041–6048 (1984).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Basaltic Volcanism Study Project Basaltic Volcanism on the Terrestrial Planets (Pergamon, Oxford, 1981).

  20. Palme, H. & Nickel, K. G. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 49, 2123–2132 (1985).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Boyd, F. R., Gurney, J. J. & Richardson, S. H. Nature 315, 387–389 (1985).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Walker, D., Stolper, E. M. & Hays, J. F. J. geophys. Res. 83, 6005–6013 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hofmeister, A. M. J. geophys. Res. 88, 4963–4983 (1983).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Taylor, S. R. Lunar Science: A Post-Apollo View (Pergamon, Oxford, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Rammensee, W. thesis. Univ. Mainz (1978).

  26. Stevenson, D. J. in Workshop on the Early Earth: The Interval from Accretion to the Older Archean (eds Burke, K. & Ashwal, L. D.) 76–78 (LPI tech. Rep. 85–01, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, 1985).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Usselman, T. M. Am. J. Sci. 275, 278–290 (1975).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hultgren, R., Pramod, D. D., Hawkins, D. T., Gleiser, M. & Kelley, K. K. Selected Values of the Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Alloys, 871–883 (American Society of Metals, Metals Park, 1973).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Sharma, R. C. & Chang, Y. A. Metall. Trans. 10B, 103–108 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Morgan, J. W. Nature 317, 703–705 (1985).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Delano, J. W. & Stone, K. Proc. Lunar planet. Sci. Conf. 16, 181–182 (1985).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Jagoutz, E., Dawson, J. B., Hoernes, S., Spettel, B. & Wänke, H. in Workshop on the Early Earth: The Interval from Accretion to the Older Archaen (eds Burke, K. & Ashwal, L. D.) 40–41 (LPI tech. Rep. 85–01, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, 1985).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Morgan, J. W. J. geophys. Res. (in the press).

  34. Richter, F. M. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 73, 350–360 (1985).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Swindle, T. D., Caffee, M. W., Hohenberg, C. M. & Taylor, S. R. in Origin of the Moon (Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, in the press).

  36. Newsom, H. E., White, W. M. & Jochum, K. P. Proc. Lunar planet. Sci. Conf. 16, 616–617 (1985).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. Newsom, H. E. J. geophys. Res. 90, C613–C617 (1985).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Larimer, J. W. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 32, 1189–1209 (1968).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Arculus, R. J. A. Rev. Earth planet. Sci. 13, (1985).

  40. Malvin, D. J., Jones, J. H. & Drake, M. J. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta (in the press).

  41. Meyers, J. & Eugster, H. P. Contr. Miner. Petrol. 82, 75–90 (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. Zartman, R. & Tera, F. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 20, 54–66 (1973).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Anders, E. & Ebihara, M. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 46, 2363–2380 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Irving, A. J. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 42, 743–770 (1978).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hertogen, J., Janssens, M.-J., Takahashi, H., Morgan, J. W. & Anders, E. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 47, 2241–2255 (1983).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Sears, D. W., Kallemeyn, G. W. & Wasson, J. T. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 46, 597–608 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Von Michaelis, H., Willis, J. P., Erlank, A. J. & Ahrens, L. H. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 5, 383–386 (1969).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Moore, C. B. in Handbook of Elemental Abundances in Meteorites (ed. Mason, B.) 137–142 (Gordon and Breach, New York, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Manhes, G. & Allègre, C. J. Meteoritics 13, 543–548 (1978).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kallemeyn, G. W. & Wasson, J. T. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 45, 1217–1230 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Anders, E., Higuchi, H., Ganapathy, R. & Morgan, J. W. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 40, 1131–1139 (1976).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Morgan, J. W. et al. Nature 224, 789–791 (1969).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Palme, H. & Rammensee, W. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 55, 356–362 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Mason, B. Space Sci. Rev. 1, 621–646 (1963).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Tatsumoto, M., Unruh, D. M. & Desborough, G. A. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 40, 617–634 (1976).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Mason, B. Handbook, of Elemental Abundances in Meteorites, 55, (Gordon and Breach, New York, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Laul, J. C., Ganapathy, R., Anders, E. & Morgan, J. W. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 37, 329–357 (1973).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Tatsumoto, M., Knight, R. J. & Allègre, C. J. Science 180, 1279–1283 (1973).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jones, J., Drake, M. Geochemical constraints on core formation in the Earth. Nature 322, 221–228 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1038/322221a0

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/322221a0

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing