Miocene spreading centre south of Isla Guadalupe

Abstract

The Juan de Fuca, Rivera, Cocos and Nazca plates in the eastern Pacific are small fragments remaining from the fragmentation and partial subduction of the long, narrow Farallon Plate which began as early as 55 Myr ago¹. This fragmentation apparently resulted from interaction of the very irregular Pacific–Farallon ridge with the uneven coastlines of the American Plate^1–4 and involved the formation of ridge–trench transforms⁵, creation of new spreading centres⁶, ridge jumps^1,7,8, deactivation of subduction zones² and other phenomena¹. We present here magnetic evidence that a fifth small fragment of the Farallon plate is preserved in the eastern Pacific off the coast of Baja, California. Its preservation is the result of an eastward jump of the Pacific–Farallon ridge ∼12.5 Myr ago which was preceded by asymmetric spreading and perhaps pivotal subduction¹. Menard¹ first suggested this idea and showed that anomaly 5B is symmetric and parallel to a linear trough trending southwards from Guadalupe Island. He named the small fragment of the Farallon plate preserved between this trough and the margin of Baja California to the east, the Guadalupe plate¹. We show that both anomalies 5B and 5C symmetrically flank the Guadalupe trough. Our results and conclusions are not based on new magnetic data, but rather on reinterpretation of aeromagnetic profiles published by Taylor et al.⁹.