Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

The molecular structure and stability of the eye lens: X-ray analysis of γ-crystallin II

Abstract

The three-dimensional structure of the eye lens protein, bovine γ-crystallin II, has been determined at 2.6 Å resolution. The protein has a two domain β-structure, folded into four remarkably similar ‘Greek key’ motifs, and shows the highest internal symmetry of any protein studied by X-ray analysis. Although the symmetrical structure seems very stable, the arrangement of the sulphydryl groups would allow intramolecular cross-linking leading to possible destabilization, and intermodular cross-linking leading to aggregation, both of which may be important in cataract formation.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Van der Ouderaa, F. J., de Jong, W. W. & Bloemendal, H. Eur. J. Biochem. 39, 207–222 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Van der Ouderaa, F. J., de Jong, W. W., Hilderink, A. & Bloemendal, H. Eur. J. Biochem. 49, 157–168 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Spector, A. & Katz, E. J. biol. Chem. 240, 1979–1985 (1965).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Van Kleef, F. S. M., de Jong, W. W. & Hoenders, H. J. Nature 258, 264–266 (1975).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Siezen, R. J., Bindels, J. G. & Hoenders, H. J. Eur. J. Biochem. 91, 387–396 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Stauffer, J., Rothschild, C., Wandel, T. & Spector, A. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 13, 135–146 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Herbrink, P., Van Westreenen, H. & Bloemendal, H. Expl Eye Res. 20, 541–548 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Asselbergs, F. A. M., Koopmans, M., Van Venrooij, W. J. & Bloemendal, H. Expl Eye Res. 28, 223–228 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bloemendal, H. & Herbrink, P. Ophthal. Res. 6, 81–92 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Björk, I. Expl Eye Res. 9, 152–157 (1970).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Croft, L. R. Biochem. J. 128, 961–970 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Slingsby, C. & Croft, L. R. Expl Eye Res. 26, 291–304 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Driessen, H. P. C., Herbrink, P., Bloemendal, H. & de Jong, W. W. Expl Eye Res. 31, 243–246 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Philipson, B. T. & Fagerholm, P. P. Ciba Fdn Symp. 19, 45–63 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jedziniak, J. A., Nicoli, D. F., Baram, H. & Benedek, G. B. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 17, 51–57 (1978).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Spector, A. et al. Science 204, 1323–1326 (1979).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Anderson, E. I. & Spector, A. Expl Eye Res. 26, 407–417 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Takemoto, L. J. & Azari, P. Expl Eye Res. 23, 1–7 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Truscott, R. J. W. & Augusteyn, R. C. Expl Eye Res. 25, 139–148 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Spector, A. & Roy, D. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 3244–3246 (1978).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Harding, J. J. & Dilley, K. J. Expl Eye Res. 22, 1–73 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Richardson, J. S. Nature 268, 495–500 (1977).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Björk, I. Expl Eye Res. 1, 145–154 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Van Dam, A. F. Expl Eye Res. 5, 255–266 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Björk, I. Expl Eye Res. 3, 254–261 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Carlisle, C. H., Lindley, P. F., Moss, D. S. & Slingsby, C. J. molec. Biol. 110, 417–419 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Blundell, T. L. et al. Acta crystallogr. 34, 3653–3657 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Tickle, I. J. Acta crystallogr. 31, 329–331 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. North, A. C. T., Phillips, D. C. & Mathews, F. S. Acta crystallogr. 24, 351–359 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Blundell, T. L. & Johnson, L. N. Protein Crystallography (Academic, London, 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Blow, D. M. & Crick, F. C. Acta crystallogr. 12, 794–802 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Richards, F. M. J. molec. Biol. 37, 225–230 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Jones, T. A. J. appl. Crystallogr. 11, 268–272 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hermans, J. & McQueen, J. E. Acta crystallogr. 30, 730–739 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. McLachlan, A. D. J. molec. Biol. 128, 49–80 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Walker, J. E., Wonacott, A. J. & Harris, J. I. Eur. J. Biochem. 108, 581–586 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Chirgadze, Iu. N., Nikonov, S. V., Garber, M. B. & Reshetnikova, L. S. J. molec. Biol. 110, 619–624 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Chirgadze, Iu. N., Sergeev, Iu. V., Fomenkova, N. P., Nikonov, S. V. & Lunin, V. Iu. Proc. Acad. Sci. USSR 250, 762–765 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Fahey, R. C., Hunt, J. S. & Windham, G. C. J. molec. Evol. 10, 155–160 (1977).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. East, E. J., Chang, R. C. C., Yu, N. T. & Kuck, J. F. R. Jr. J. biol. Chem. 253, 1436–1441 (1978).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Askren, C. C., Yu, N. T. & Kuck, J. F. R. Expl Eye Res. 29, 647–654 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Blundell, T., Lindley, P., Miller, L. et al. The molecular structure and stability of the eye lens: X-ray analysis of γ-crystallin II. Nature 289, 771–777 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1038/289771a0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/289771a0

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing