Abstract
(I) IT is familiar that the Einstein equations for the density and pressure in a uniform universe: 
do not suffice to specify the model since there are two equations and three unknown functions, ρ, p and R. A very common assumption is p = 0, but models involving both positive and negative values of p have also been proposed. McCrea1 pointed out that there is no objection in principle to negative pressure and that the steady-state universe can be interpreted in this way.
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References
McCrea, W. H., Proc. Roy. Soc., A, 206, 562 (1951).
McVittie, G. C., General Relativity and Cosmology, 150 (London, 1964).
Dirac, P. A. M., Proc. Roy. Soc., A, 268, 57 (1962).
McVittie, G. C., General Relativity and Cosmology, 193 and 203 (London, 1964).
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WHITTAKER, J. A Cosmological Model. Nature 209, 491–492 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1038/209491a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/209491a0
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