Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

Empiricism and Logic in the Discovery of New Drugs

Nature volume 195, pages 636–642 (1962)Cite this article

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Chauncey Leake, D., Science, 134, 2069 (1961).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Sigerist, H., A History of Medicine, 1, 284 (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1952).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Poynter, F. N. L., and Keele, K. D., A Short History of Medicine, 53 (Mills and Boon, London, 1961).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Withering, W., An Account of the Foxglove, and some of its Medical Uses; with Practical Remarks on Dropsy and other Diseases (1785).

  5. Fulton, J. F., J. Hist. Med., 8, 1 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Mettler, C. C., History of Medicine, 429 (Blakiston Co., Philadelphia, 1947).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ferriar, J., An Essay on the Medical Properties of the Digitalis Purpurea or Foxglove, 13 (1799).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kinglake, R., Cases and Observations on the Medicinal Efficacy of Digitalis Purpurea in Phthisis Pulmonalis, with Speculations on its Modus Operandi, and on Analogous Remedies, 59 (1799).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mackenzie, J., Diseases of the Heart, second ed., 281 (1910).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Lewis, T., Diseases of the Heart, 43 (Macmillan and Co., Ltd., London, 1946).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Marquardt, M., Paul Ehrlich (Heinemann, London, 1949).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Work, T. S., and Work, E., The Basis of Chemotherapy, 8 (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1948).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dale, H. H., Brit. Med. J., i, 1 (1950).

  14. Fleming, A., Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 24, 46 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Huxley, T. H., Nature, 24, 342 (1881).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London

    C. A. KEELE

Authors
  1. C. A. KEELE
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

KEELE, C. Empiricism and Logic in the Discovery of New Drugs. Nature 195, 636–642 (1962). https://doi.org/10.1038/195636a0

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/195636a0

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing