Abstract
In 1937 Billings1 published a paper on the reproductive cytology of angiosperms, illustrated by Isomeris arborea. His observations may be summarized as follows: (1) this plant is a haploid with a complement of 17 chromosomes; there is no true meiosis or syngamy; (2) the megaspore mother cell functions directly without producing the usual megaspores; (3) the mature embryo sac is 3-nucleate, consisting of two synergids and an endosperm nucleus, a true egg being absent; (4) there is no fertilization; (5) the endosperm begins as free nuclear, but soon a part of it becomes differentiated into multinucleate vesicles or nodules; and (6) the embryo arises as a direct outgrowth from one of the endosperm nodules.
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References
Billings, F. H., New Phytol., 36, 301 (1937).
Gustafsson, Å., Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N.F. Avd. II, 43, 71 (1947).
Maheshwari, P., “An Introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperms” (New York and London, 1950).
Tischler, G., “Allgemeine Pflanzenkaryologie”, Band 2 (Bornträger, Berlin, 1942–43).
Maheshwari, P., and Khan, R., Phytomorph., 3, 446 (1953).
Maheshwari, P., and Sachar, R. C., Curr. Sci., 23, 61 (1954).
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MAHESHWARI, P., SACHAR, R. So-called Endosperm Embryos in Iosomeris arborea Nutt. Nature 176, 470–472 (1955). https://doi.org/10.1038/176470b0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/176470b0
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