Abstract
IT is well known that in the ionosphere (a doubly refractive medium) a radio wave splits into two components, commonly designated as the ordinary and extraordinary modes. The propagation characteristics of the medium are determined from the corresponding ordinary and extraordinary indices of refraction. The modes may be appreciably coupled in certain ionospheric regions1, depending upon the wave-frequency and other factors.
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References
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GIBBONS, J., SCHRAG, R. & WAYNICK, A. Long-Delay Ionospheric Echoes at 150 kc./s.. Nature 171, 444–445 (1953). https://doi.org/10.1038/171444a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/171444a0
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