Abstract
PARIS.
Academy of Sciences, July 22.—M. Marey in the chair.—Researches on the composition of grapes from the principal French vines, by MM. Aimé Girard and L. Lindet.—On the osmotic phenomena produced between ether and methyl alcohol across different diaphragms, by M. F. M. Raoult. It is found that with ether and methyl alcohol on the respective sides of a diaphragm of pig's bladder, the methyl alcohol passes by osmosis to the ether side. The bladder membrane appears to be impermeable to ether; even with mixtures the transference is always of methyl alcohol towards the side where it is of less concentration. Exactly the reverse occurs with a vulcanised caoutchouc membrane, which is impermeable to methyl alcohol, but permeable to ether. The experiments show: (1) that osmosis between two determined liquids may not only vary much in energy, but even change its sense with the nature of the diaphragm; (2) that the osmotic movement of substances across the diaphragm may be absolutely independent of their molecular weights and of their condition as dissolved substance or solvent.—Action of phenyl isocyanate on some acids and ethereal salts, by M. A. Haller.—M. Retzius was elected Correspondant of the Anatomy and Zoology Section, in succession to M. Carl Vogt.—Abnormal refractions at the surface of water, by M. Ch. Dufour. Attention is directed to a source of error, due to irregular refraction caused by differences in temperature between water and air immediately above its surface, which may arise in taking the latitude or determining time at sea.—On static or dynamic explosive potentials, by M. R. Swyngedauw. According to the experiments described, the explosive potential between two poles shielded from ultra-violet radiations is not appreciably diminished by very small and very rapid variations of potential.—On a phosphorescence phenomenon obtained in tubes containing rarefied nitrogen after the passage of the electric discharge, by M. Gaston Séguy. In presence of vapours of stannic chloride, the author finds the light emitted from a nitrogen tube to be rose-coloured during the discharge, and milky white for some 10 to 80 seconds after interruption of the current.—On the electromotive force of the Latimer Clark, Gouy, and Daniell standards, by M. C. Limb. The values found by the author's method for the elements at 0° C. are: Latimer Clark 1˙4535 volts (absolute), Gouy 1˙3928 volts (abs.), Daniell (Fleming type) 1˙0943 volts (abs.).—On Natterer's tubes, by M. Gouy.—On anhydrous crystallised manganese sulphide, by M. A. Mourlot. Crystallised sulphide, identical with alabandine, has been obtained by means of the electric furnace. Small cubes or transparent derived octahedra of a greenish shade are obtained. They have the density 3˙92 and hardness 3˙5 to 4.—On some properties of combinations of ferrous chloride and nitric oxide, by M. V. Thomas. The experiments detailed show that the three compounds obtained by the author in the dry way possess no appreciable tension of dissociation at the ordinary temperature, and hence differ from the compounds obtained in solution by M. Gay.—On some alkaline phosphides, by M. C. Hugot.—Specific heats of superfused formic and acetic acids. Modifications applied to Regnault's thermocalorimeter to enable the determination of the specific heats of a large number of superfused liquids, by MM. Massol and Guillot. The specific heats of formic and acetic acids in the solid state are much greater than their specific heats in the liquid state. The specific heat in the liquid state diminishes with the temperature. When superfused, the specific heat is slightly augmented, but remains of the same order as the specific heat in the liquid state.—Synthetic formation of nitro-alcohols, by M. Louis Henry.—Oxidation of inactive campholenic acid, by M. A. Béhal.—On the constitution of vegetable albumenoid substances, by M. E. Fleurent.—Influence of respiration on the volumetric trace of the limbs, by MM. A. Binet and J. Courtier.—Modifications of the heat radiated produced by faradisation, by M. L. Lecercle. An account of the local rise in temperature produced in animals by electric excitation, and its effect on the general temperature.—Aggravation of the effects of certain microbe toxines by their passage through the liver, by MM. J. Teissier and L. Guinard.—A contribution to the histology of unicellular glands, by MM. J. Kunstler and A. Gruvel.—On the evolution of the magmas of certain amphibole granites, by M. A. Michel Levy.—On the first alcohol thermometer used in Paris, by M. 1'Abbé Maze.
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Societies and Academies. Nature 52, 335–336 (1895). https://doi.org/10.1038/052335b0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/052335b0