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Climate science is the study of relatively long-term weather conditions, typically spanning decades to centuries but extending to geological timescales. The discipline is primarily concerned with atmospheric properties – for example temperature and humidity – and patterns of circulation, as well as interactions with the ocean, the biosphere, and, over longer timescales, the geosphere.
The causes of symmetrical changes in climate between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere are poorly understood. A geological reconstruction of Patagonian glacial extent reveals that changes in Pacific-wide atmospheric circulation (linked to variations in Earth’s orbit and teleconnections between hemispheres) may have led to nearly synchronous global ice sheet evolution.
Using machine learning algorithms, this study estimates sea level rise and high tide flooding thresholds every 10 km along the United States’ coasts, complementing conventional linear-/point-based estimates and offering insights for ungauged areas.
Intensified surface winds over the Arctic are driven by increasing downward momentum transfer in winter and by decreasing surface roughness due to sea-ice decline in summer, suggest analyses of climate model simulations and reanalysis data.
This study reveals a widening range of projected North Atlantic climate states in the mid-twenty-first century. The distinct trajectories seen in sea surface temperatures are activated by global warming and may enable skillful long-lead decadal predictions.
Strengthening of ocean stratification can largely explain open-ocean trends in measurements of the barotropic M2 tide and has substantial near-shore impacts, according to an analysis of satellite altimetry and a three-dimensional global ocean model over 1993 – 2020.
The inherent differences in epistemologies and research methods in electrical engineering and earth science hinder interdisciplinary collaboration. In the context of climate change, this divide affects the shift towards long-term sustainability in global energy systems, prompting dialogue between the disciplines to enable effective interdisciplinary collaborations.
Rich nations’ fixation on forests as climate offsets has resulted in the needs of those who live in or make a living from these resources being ignored. A broader view and more collaboration between disciplines is required.