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| Open AccessWeakening of the South Asian summer monsoon linked to interhemispheric ice-sheet growth since 12 Ma
The εNd record from the IODP Exp. 359 Site U1467 in the northern Indian Ocean, along with climate modeling, reveals a two-step weakening of the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) wind since 12 Ma. The SASM evolution was mainly caused by interhemispheric ice-sheet growth since the Middle Miocene.
- Zhengquan Yao
- , Xuefa Shi
- & Pavan Miriyala
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Article
| Open AccessMilankovitch-paced erosion in the southern Central Andes
Fisher et al. combine sediment geochemistry and climate modelling to reveal long-term synchrony between erosion rates and orbitally-driven climate oscillations in the tectonically-active southern Central Andes.
- G. Burch Fisher
- , Lisa V. Luna
- & Lucas J. Lourens
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| Open AccessMercury evidence from southern Pangea terrestrial sections for end-Permian global volcanic effects
Mercury (Hg) concentrations and isotopes from terrestrial sections of southern Pangea provide evidence of the global volcanic effects of the Siberian Traps during the Permian-Triassic transition
- Jun Shen
- , Jiubin Chen
- & Tamsin A. Mather
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| Open AccessClay hydroxyl isotopes show an enhanced hydrologic cycle during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Novel measurements of clay hydroxyl isotopic composition show an enhanced hydrological cycle during a period of intense global warming at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary 55.9 million years ago.
- Gregory L. Walters
- , Simon J. Kemp
- & David A. Hodell
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| Open AccessLow atmospheric CO2 levels before the rise of forested ecosystems
Dahl et al. present new evidence based on leaf gas-exchange in primitive vascular plants and fossil remains of some of their earliest ancestors. This alters our thinking on how plants impacted the Earth System and climate.
- Tais W. Dahl
- , Magnus A. R. Harding
- & Christopher K. Junium
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| Open AccessModern-like deep water circulation in Indian Ocean caused by Central American Seaway closure
Deep ocean circulation plays a crucial role in controlling global climate. What caused on-set of modern like circulation in geological past remains unknown. New research finds constriction of the Central American Seaway caused on-set of modern-like circulation in Indian Ocean since the late-Miocene (~6 Ma).
- Priyesh Prabhat
- , Waliur Rahaman
- & Meloth Thamban
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| Open AccessA dimensionless framework for predicting submarine fan morphology
Submarine fans play an important role in routing sediment in continental and deep water settings. Here the authors develop a framework is to explain the shape of submarine fans using a numerical model framework which can either predict seafloor topography from turbidity current flow properties or infer these flow properties from seafloor topography.
- Abdul Wahab
- , David C. Hoyal
- & Kyle M. Straub
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| Open AccessThe extreme yet transient nature of glacial erosion
Glacial erosion processes over geological timescales are poorly understood. Here the authors apply an observationally constrained model to reconstruct the evolving thermodynamics and transient erosional signature of the Eurasian Ice Sheet over the last 100,000-year ice age to reveal how it profoundly sculpted but also protected the landscape visible today
- H. Patton
- , A. Hubbard
- & K. Andreassen
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| Open AccessPersistent high latitude amplification of the Pacific Ocean over the past 10 million years
Multiproxy SST reconstructions of the Western Pacific Warm Pool show cooling over the entire last 10 Ma. High latitude Pacific Ocean SSTs are shown to be amplified, warming 2.4 °C per 1° of warming in the WPWP. This is reproduced by climate models.
- Xiaoqing Liu
- , Matthew Huber
- & Yi Ge Zhang
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| Open AccessHolocene hydroclimatic variability in the tropical Pacific explained by changing ENSO diversity
Past changes in climate variability across the tropical Pacific inferred from paleoclimate records can be explained by changes in both the frequency in which El Niño events with different spatial patterns occur, as well as their hydroclimatic impacts.
- Christina Karamperidou
- & Pedro N. DiNezio
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| Open AccessLinked fire activity and climate whiplash in California during the early Holocene
A California stalagmite records vegetation shifts and increased fire activity during the 8.2 kyr event. These changes occur alongside oscillations between wet and dry extremes suggesting tight coupling between climate whiplash and fire activity.
- Julia Homann
- , Jessica L. Oster
- & Thorsten Hoffmann
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| Open AccessDeglacial release of petrogenic and permafrost carbon from the Canadian Arctic impacting the carbon cycle
Shrinking of the Laurentide Ice Sheet mobilized the underlying rock organic carbon. Together with permafrost carbon release, this may contribute 12 ppm to deglacial CO2 rise, underscoring the impact of cryospheric change on the carbon cycle.
- Junjie Wu
- , Gesine Mollenhauer
- & Seung-Il Nam
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| Open AccessHigh temperature methane emissions from Large Igneous Provinces as contributors to late Permian mass extinctions
Isotope signatures preserved within a natural gas reservoir reveal large quantities of methane were generated and released from oil by a Large Igneous Province, resulting in the initiation of global warming, which led to the End-Permian Extinction.
- Chengsheng Chen
- , Shengfei Qin
- & Zheng Zhou
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| Open AccessHigh resolution ancient sedimentary DNA shows that alpine plant diversity is associated with human land use and climate change
Here, the authors use sedimentary DNA, pollen, fungal spores, chironomids, and microcharcoal from an alpine lake core to reconstruct vegetation across 12,000 years. They find that vegetation responded to climate in the early Holocene, followed by a shift to human activity from 6000 years onward corresponding with an increase in deforestation and agropastoralism.
- Sandra Garcés-Pastor
- , Eric Coissac
- & Inger Greve Alsos
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Matters Arising
| Open AccessRelative tree cover does not indicate a lagged Holocene forest response to monsoon rainfall
- Ying Cheng
- , Yue Han
- & Hongyan Liu
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Matters Arising
| Open AccessReply To: Relative tree cover does not indicate a lagged Holocene forest response to monsoon rainfall
- Jun Cheng
- , Haibin Wu
- & Zhengyu Liu
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Matters Arising
| Open AccessTowards solving the missing ice problem and the importance of rigorous model data comparisons
- Yusuke Yokoyama
- , Kurt Lambeck
- & Masao Nakada
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Matters Arising
| Open AccessReply to: Towards solving the missing ice problem and the importance of rigorous model data comparisons
- Evan J. Gowan
- , Xu Zhang
- & Gerrit Lohmann
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Article
| Open AccessThe deglacial forest conundrum
Deglacial forest expansion in the Northern Hemisphere poses a conundrum: Model results agree with the climate signal but are several millennia ahead of reconstructed forest dynamics. The underlying causes remain unsolved.
- Anne Dallmeyer
- , Thomas Kleinen
- & Ulrike Herzschuh
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Article
| Open AccessReconstructing Earth’s atmospheric oxygenation history using machine learning
Earth’s oxygenation history can be reconstructed using machine learning and mafic igneous geochemical data. Agreement with independent proxy predictions for surface conditions implies that interior processes are critical in atmospheric oxygenation.
- Guoxiong Chen
- , Qiuming Cheng
- & Molei Zhao
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| Open AccessCoupled atmosphere-ice-ocean dynamics during Heinrich Stadial 2
New cave records from monsoon regions improve the Greenland ice core chronological framework around the Heinrich Stadial 2 by an order of magnitude, suggesting a more active role of low-latitude hydroclimate in millennial-scale climate oscillations.
- Xiyu Dong
- , Gayatri Kathayat
- & Hai Cheng
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| Open AccessComplex spatio-temporal structure of the Holocene Thermal Maximum
Analysis of the largest available database of Holocene temperature time series covering past 12,000 years reveals complex spatio-temporal trends and challenges the paradigm of a globally synchronous Holocene Thermal Maximum.
- Olivier Cartapanis
- , Lukas Jonkers
- & Anne de Vernal
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| Open AccessAstrochronology of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum on the Atlantic Coastal Plain
Astrochronology of a core in Maryland suggests that the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) warming lasted about 6 thousand years. These data are more consistent with astronomical forcing than an extraterrestial trigger for the PETM.
- Mingsong Li
- , Timothy J. Bralower
- & Marci M. Robinson
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| Open Access60 million years of glaciation in the Transantarctic Mountains
This study finds that glaciers have existed in the Transantarctic Mountains for the past 60 million years, and that warm-based mountain glaciers were present in Antarctica long before ice sheets came to dominate the continent.
- Iestyn D. Barr
- , Matteo Spagnolo
- & Matt D. Tomkins
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| Open AccessThermal coupling of the Indo-Pacific warm pool and Southern Ocean over the past 30,000 years
The mechanism of the last deglacial global warming is key for future climate. Here, the authors shed light on the pivotal role of the thermal coupling between the western Pacific warm pool and the Southern Ocean.
- Shuai Zhang
- , Zhoufei Yu
- & Tiegang Li
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| Open AccessMultiple carbon cycle mechanisms associated with the glaciation of Marine Isotope Stage 4
Summary for general audience: We used carbon stable isotope data from an Antarctic ice core to evaluate which mechanisms caused changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide 74-59 thousand years ago, including a ~40 ppm decrease at the beginning of the last ice age.
- James A. Menking
- , Sarah A. Shackleton
- & Vasilii V. Petrenko
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| Open AccessFeedbacks between sea-floor spreading, trade winds and precipitation in the Southern Red Sea
Testing feedbacks between climatic and geological processes are challenging. Here, the authors show that geomorphological features of the southern Red Sea margin are best interpreted by a feedback cycle between orographic precipitation, mid-ocean spreading and coastal magmatism, and that the feedback is enhanced by the trade wind.
- Kurt Stüwe
- , Jörg Robl
- & Finlay M. Stuart
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| Open AccessSubglacial precipitates record Antarctic ice sheet response to late Pleistocene millennial climate cycles
Piccione et al find evidence for Antarctic ice sheet instability driven by millennial cycles in Southern Ocean temperature, providing clues for the mechanisms that link climate change and rapid Antarctic ice loss events.
- Gavin Piccione
- , Terrence Blackburn
- & Kathy Licht
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| Open AccessDecoupled Asian monsoon intensity and precipitation during glacial-interglacial transitions on the Chinese Loess Plateau
In considering Asian monsoon intensity and precipitation during glacial-interglacial transitions in Chinese Loess Plateau, a new study finds that brGDGT-DLNN method can significantly extend the temporal scale record of the EASM and is not restricted by geographic location compared with stalagmite records.
- Yukun Zheng
- , Hongyan Liu
- & Weihang Liu
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| Open AccessEnhanced Arctic sea ice melting controlled by larger heat discharge of mid-Holocene rivers
Based on marine multiproxy records, a new study outlines the role of larger heat discharge of the pan-Arctic Rivers in determining the pronounced sea ice retreat over the East Siberian Arctic Shelf in the mid-Holocene.
- Jiang Dong
- , Xuefa Shi
- & Gerrit Lohmann
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| Open AccessWilkes subglacial basin ice sheet response to Southern Ocean warming during late Pleistocene interglacials
Crotti et al. reconstructed the dynamics of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin (Antarctica) during the past 350,000 years. Their study reveals that a portion of the East Antarctic ice sheet experienced an extensive retreat 330,000 years ago.
- Ilaria Crotti
- , Aurélien Quiquet
- & Massimo Frezzotti
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| Open AccessHolocene seasonal temperature evolution and spatial variability over the Northern Hemisphere landmass
The study reconstructed Holocene seasonal temperatures using 1,310 pollen records covering the Northern Hemisphere landmass, and show that both summer and winter temperatures peaked at ~7 ka BP, but with significant spatial variability.
- Wenchao Zhang
- , Haibin Wu
- & Zhengtang Guo
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| Open AccessUltra-depleted hydrogen isotopes in hydrated glass record Late Cretaceous glaciation in Antarctica
Analysis of volcanic glass from the Transantarctic Mountains suggests that 90 Million years ago glaciation was widespread in Antarctica, a period in Earth’s history when the continent was considered to be ice-free and part of a global greenhouse.
- Demian A. Nelson
- , John M. Cottle
- & Alfredo Camacho
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| Open AccessEarly warning signal for a tipping point suggested by a millennial Atlantic Multidecadal Variability reconstruction
This study presents a last millennium reconstruction of Atlantic Multidecadal Variability fluctuations. This sufficiently long and validated reconstruction suggests the potential approach of a tipping point in the North Atlantic current system.
- Simon L. L. Michel
- , Didier Swingedouw
- & Myriam Khodri
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| Open AccessThe Holocene temperature conundrum answered by mollusk records from East Asia
Scientists have been puzzled by the disparity between climate simulations of the past 12,000 years and geological records. Dong et al. reconstructed past annual and seasonal temperatures from land snail records to examine the potential seasonal bias.
- Yajie Dong
- , Naiqin Wu
- & Houyuan Lu
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| Open AccessEvolution of tropical land temperature across the last glacial termination
Ancient drip water in a Borneo stalagmite reveals a strong land temperature rise across the last glacial termination in close correspondence with atmospheric CO2, and an intriguing decoupling between tropical temperature and hydroclimate.
- M. H. Løland
- , Y. Krüger
- & A. N. Meckler
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| Open AccessTropical volcanoes synchronize eastern Canada with Northern Hemisphere millennial temperature variability
A maximum latewood density based summer temperature reconstruction from eastern Canada shows recent warming is unprecedented over 1246 years, and tropical volcanism synchronizes regional and hemispheric summer temperatures at the multidecadal time scale.
- Feng Wang
- , Dominique Arseneault
- & Tongwen Zhang
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| Open AccessCurrent Siberian heating is unprecedented during the past seven millennia
A 7,638 yr summer temperature reconstruction based on subfossil trees buried in the Siberian Arctic shows that recent warming is unprecedented and interrupted a multi-millennial cooling trend.
- Rashit M. Hantemirov
- , Christophe Corona
- & Patrick Fonti
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| Open AccessRainfall and sea level drove the expansion of seasonally flooded habitats and associated bird populations across Amazonia
This study found that millennial periods of higher rainfall combined with rising sea level enhanced sediment accumulation in Amazonian rivers valleys. This fuelled synchronous expansion of vegetation adapted to seasonally flooded substrates and its specialized bird populations, showing how global climate changes can affect specific Amazonian species.
- A. O. Sawakuchi
- , E. D. Schultz
- & C. C. Ribas
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| Open AccessSplit westerlies over Europe in the early Little Ice Age
A new stalagmite record from northern Italy and other published data from Europe and northern Africa reveals a split in the climatological westerlies during the early LIA, possibly attributed to sea ice melting.
- Hsun-Ming Hu
- , Chuan-Chou Shen
- & Robert Korty
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| Open AccessSustained and intensified lacustrine methane cycling during Early Permian climate warming
This study reports the occurrence of sustained and intensified microbial CH4 cycling in a giant lake in northwestern China during Early Permian climate warming. Lacustrine CH4 emissions may have contributed to the end of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age.
- Funing Sun
- , Wenxuan Hu
- & Shuzhong Shen
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Article
| Open AccessSunlight-driven nitrate loss records Antarctic surface mass balance
Snow accumulation rates in Antarctica can now be reconstructed from nitrate isotopes in snow and ice. This independent technique offers scientists a new tool for studying how Antarctic climate changed in the past and how it may change in the future.
- Pete D. Akers
- , Joël Savarino
- & Jason L. Roberts
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| Open AccessSubsurface ocean warming preceded Heinrich Events
The mechanism driving past Laurentide Ice-Sheet instabilities remains elusive Here, the authors present a sediment record from the subpolar western North Atlantic and show that massive warming of the upper interior ocean was the likely trigger for repeated collapses of the Laurentide Ice-Sheet and iceberg discharge into the North Atlantic, known as Heinrich Events.
- Lars Max
- , Dirk Nürnberg
- & Stefan Mulitza
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| Open AccessDrought-Induced Civil Conflict Among the Ancient Maya
The influence of climate on premodern civil conflict and societal instability is debated. Here, the authors combine archeological, historical, and paleoclimatic datasets to show that drought between 1400-1450 cal. CE escalated civil conflict at Mayapan, the largest Postclassic Maya capital of the Yucatán Peninsula.
- Douglas J. Kennett
- , Marilyn Masson
- & David A. Hodell
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| Open AccessLate Miocene Tarim desert wetting linked with eccentricity minimum and East Asian monsoon weakening
The late Miocene Tarim desert experienced periodic wetting and greening in eccentricity minimum and East Asian summer monsoon weakening
- Junsheng Nie
- , Weihang Wang
- & Wenjiao Xiao
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| Open AccessRapid northern hemisphere ice sheet melting during the penultimate deglaciation
Stalagmites from NW Iberia record the rapid demise of large ice sheets during the penultimate deglaciation, and reveal decadal-scale feedbacks between warming and ice melting.
- Heather M. Stoll
- , Isabel Cacho
- & R. Lawrence Edwards
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| Open AccessRapid Eocene diversification of spiny plants in subtropical woodlands of central Tibet
Spines are an important physical defense for many plant species. Here, the authors describe seven different spine morphologies from the Eocene of central Tibet associated with regional aridification and expansion of herbivorous mammals.
- Xinwen Zhang
- , Uriel Gélin
- & Tao Su
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| Open AccessA deep Tasman outflow of Pacific waters during the last glacial period
Using cold-water corals, this work identifies a deep outflow of Pacific waters via the Tasman Sea during the last ice age, thus highlighting the role of this area for the interoceanic exchange of water masses on climatic time scales.
- Torben Struve
- , David J. Wilson
- & Tina van de Flierdt
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| Open AccessPleistocene drivers of Northwest African hydroclimate and vegetation
Plant-wax isotope and dust flux records reveal that the long-term variability of the Northwest African monsoon is controlled by tropical solar radiation gradients. Grasslands expand into the Sahara during strong monsoons, but the ultimate composition of the ecosystem is controlled by CO2.
- Nicholas A. O’Mara
- , Charlotte Skonieczny
- & Pratigya J. Polissar