Lasers, LEDs and light sources articles within Nature Materials

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  • News & Views |

    Highly efficient matrix-free hyperfluorescent organic light-emitting diodes are constructed with remarkably supressed Dexter transfer utilizing narrowband blue emitters encapsulated with hopped alkyl chains.

    • Yuewei Zhang
    •  & Lian Duan

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Suppressed Dexter transfer is needed to achieve efficient and stable hyperfluorescence, but complex matrices must be involved. A molecular design strategy has been proposed where Dexter transfer can be substantially reduced by an encapsulated terminal emitter, leading to ‘matrix-free’ hyperfluorescence.

    • Hwan-Hee Cho
    • , Daniel G. Congrave
    •  & Hugo Bronstein

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Optically stimulated vibrational control for materials has the potential to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices. The vibrational control of FAPbBr3 perovskite solar cells has been demonstrated, where the fast dynamics of coupling between cations and inorganic sublattice may suppress non-radiative recombinations in perovskites, leading to reduced voltage losses.

    • Nathaniel. P. Gallop
    • , Dmitry R. Maslennikov
    •  & Artem A. Bakulin

  • Research Briefing |

    Inspired by valley pseudospins in two-dimensional materials, high-quality-factor (high-Q) spin–valley states were created through the photonic Rashba-type spin splitting of a bound state in the continuum. This approach enabled the construction of a coherent and controllable spin-optical laser using monolayer-integrated spin–valley microcavities without requiring magnetic fields or cryogenic temperatures.

  • Research Briefing |

    By optimizing the molecular organization of blue-emitting organic semiconductors, the vulnerability of the materials to extrinsic impurities that cause charge trapping, such as oxygen and water, is strongly reduced. Steric shielding of the electron-transporting core is shown to increase the electron transport by several orders of magnitude.

  • Article |

    The authors introduce a spin-optical laser based on a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide coupled to a heterostructure microcavity supporting high-Q spin-valley resonances originating from photonic Rashba-type spin splitting of a bound state in the continuum.

    • Kexiu Rong
    • , Xiaoyang Duan
    •  & Erez Hasman

  • Research Briefing |

    High-quality aluminium nitride (AlN) heteroepitaxial films are obtained by the controlled discretization and coalescence of columns using nanopatterned AlN/sapphire templates with regular hexagonal holes. The density of dislocation etch pits in the AlN heteroepitaxial films is reduced to approximately 104 cm–2, approaching the value of that in AlN bulk single crystals.

  • Article |

    High-quality AlN heteroepitaxial films are obtained by controllable discretization and coalescence of columns on nano-patterned AlN/sapphire templates with hexagonal holes, where the density of dislocation etch pits is greatly reduced to ~10 × 104 cm−2.

    • Jiaming Wang
    • , Nan Xie
    •  & Bo Shen

  • Letter |

    We report compact spin-valley-locked perovskite emitting metasurfaces where spin-dependent geometric phases are imparted into bound states in the continuum via Brillouin zone folding, simultaneously enabling chiral purity, directionality and large emission angles.

    • Yang Chen
    • , Jiangang Feng
    •  & Cheng-Wei Qiu

  • Review Article |

    The development of perovskite emitters, their use in light-emitting devices, and the challenges in enhancing the efficiency and stability, as well as reducing the potential toxicity of this technology are discussed in this Review.

    • Xiao-Ke Liu
    • , Weidong Xu
    •  & Feng Gao

  • News & Views |

    Ultralow-threshold plasmonic lasers under continuous-wave pumping at room temperature have been created using lattice plasmonic cavities integrated with gain material consisting of upconverting nanoparticles.

    • Ren-Min Ma

  • Letter |

    Water clusters induce hole traps in organic semiconductor thin films. Detrimental effects of hole and electron traps on charge transport can be avoided by using materials with ionization energy and electron affinity within an energy window of 2.4 eV.

    • Naresh B. Kotadiya
    • , Anirban Mondal
    •  & Gert-Jan A. H. Wetzelaer

  • News & Views |

    Violating the Aufbau principle is shown to be a successful strategy to improve the stability of neutral organic radicals used in organic light-emitting diodes.

    • Sebastian Reineke

  • News & Views |

    Organic donor–acceptor heterojunctions can show efficient electroluminescence and at the same time generate charges under photovoltaic operation.

    • Wolfgang Brütting

  • News & Views |

    A photonic crystal design, consisting of two separated lattices arranged in a specific way, forms the base of high-brightness semiconductor lasers, with a very narrow beam divergence angle.

    • L. Kuipers

  • Article |

    Films of exfoliated crystals of two-dimensional hybrid metal halide perovskites with phenyl groups as organic cations show increased molecular rigidity, reduced electron–phonon interactions and blue emission with photoluminescence quantum yield approaching 80%.

    • Xiwen Gong
    • , Oleksandr Voznyy
    •  & Edward H. Sargent

  • Article |

    Quantitative analysis of polymer LED degradation under current stress provides insight on the role of hole traps and their formation. Blending of the emitting material with large-bandgap semiconductors leads to trap dilution and improved stability.

    • Quan Niu
    • , Roland Rohloff
    •  & N. Irina Crăciun

  • News & Views |

    Compositional grading of colloidal quantum dots enables electrically driven amplification of light, bringing electrically driven lasers from these materials very close.

    • Ifor Samuel

  • News & Views |

    Thermally activated defects in a blue-emitting phosphor can enhance energy transfer to the activator, and compensate for thermal quenching.

    • Philippe F. Smet
    •  & Jonas J. Joos

  • Article |

    A blue-emitting phosphor without thermal quenching is reported. The emission losses at high temperatures are compensated by a counter mechanism, originating in energy transfer between electron–hole pairs and thermally activated defect levels.

    • Yoon Hwa Kim
    • , Paulraj Arunkumar
    •  & Won Bin Im

  • Editorial |

    Commercialization of exciton–polariton research as well as investigation of exciting physical phenomena in exciton–polariton condensates relies on improving material properties.

  • News & Views |

    Computer networks, trained with data from delayed-fluorescence materials that have been successfully used in organic light-emitting diodes, facilitate the high-speed prediction of good emitters for display and lighting applications.

    • Shuzo Hirata
    •  & Katsuyuki Shizu

  • Commentary |

    Although exciton–polariton lasers have been experimentally demonstrated in a variety of material systems, robust practical implementations are still challenging. Similarities with atomic Bose–Einstein condensates make the system suitable for chip-based quantum simulators for non-trivial many-body physics.

    • Michael D. Fraser
    • , Sven Höfling
    •  & Yoshihisa Yamamoto

  • Review Article |

    This review discusses exciton–polaritons in microcavities and their emerging technological applications, with emphasis on the materials challenges for operation at room temperature.

    • Daniele Sanvitto
    •  & Stéphane Kéna-Cohen

  • Feature |

    The China Spallation Neutron Source is expected to produce its first beam in 2017. Hesheng Chen and Xun-Li Wang provide an overview of this user facility and what it means for science in China and elsewhere.

    • Hesheng Chen
    •  & Xun-Li Wang

  • Editorial |

    The Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) project is dedicated to the investigation of light–matter interactions at high laser intensities and on short timescales.

  • News & Views |

    Hybrid perovskite is introduced as a new material for nanowire lasers. One-dimensional nanostructures of these perovskites can be optically pumped to lase with tunable wavelength at relatively low threshold, which marks a step towards their use in integrated photonics.

    • Anthony Fu
    •  & Peidong Yang

  • Editorial |

    Inorganic semiconductors, organic emitters and colloidal quantum dots are pushing the LED revolution in lighting and displays.

  • Commentary |

    Organic semiconducting molecules and colloidal quantum dots both make for excellent luminescent materials. Compared with the more established solid-state light-emitting technologies, organic LEDs and quantum-dot LEDs are in their infancy, yet they offer unique properties.

    • Sebastian Reineke

  • Commentary |

    Key materials discoveries have prompted the rise of inorganic light-emitting diodes in the lighting industry. Remaining challenges are being addressed to further extend the impact of this technology in lighting, displays and other applications.

    • Philipp Pust
    • , Peter J. Schmidt
    •  & Wolfgang Schnick

  • News & Views |

    The coupling of monolayer tungsten diselenide and a photonic-crystal cavity leads to ultralow-threshold lasing.

    • Vinod Menon

  • News & Views |

    A powerful strategy to leverage and combine the optoelectronic characteristics of different 2D materials is to stack them into vertical van der Waals heterostructures. This approach is now used to realize efficient light-emitting devices.

    • Xiaomu Wang
    •  & Fengnian Xia

  • Editorial |

    Staggering increases in the performance of organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells have renewed the interest in these materials. However, further developments and the support from academic and industrial partners will hinge on the reporting of accurate efficiency values.

  • Article |

    For high-power white-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to become a technological reality there is a need to find more efficient red-emitting phosphor materials. Eu2+-doped Sr[LiAl3N4], a member of the nitridoaluminates compound class, is now proved to be a high-performance narrow-band red-emitting phosphor material that can be easily coupled with existing GaN-based blue-LED technology for use in white LEDs.

    • Philipp Pust
    • , Volker Weiler
    •  & Wolfgang Schnick

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