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Open Access
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Matters Arising
| Open AccessReply to: On the statistical foundation of a recent single molecule FRET benchmark
- Markus Götz
- , Anders Barth
- & Sonja Schmid
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Article
| Open AccessFolding pathway of a discontinuous two-domain protein
Here, using single molecule FRET, the unfolding and folding of a discontinuous two-domain protein was studied. The authors find that a dynamic, intermediate population entropically limits the rate of folding while the order of domain folding is kept in a slow-folding mutant.
- Ganesh Agam
- , Anders Barth
- & Don C. Lamb
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Article
| Open AccessCochaperones convey the energy of ATP hydrolysis for directional action of Hsp90
The precise role of cochaperones and ATP hydrolysis in driving Hsp90’s chaperone cycle is largely unclear. Here, the authors use single-molecule FRET to show that several cochaperones are necessary to establish directionality in Hsp90’s conformational cycle.
- Leonie Vollmar
- , Julia Schimpf
- & Thorsten Hugel
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Article
| Open AccessA blind benchmark of analysis tools to infer kinetic rate constants from single-molecule FRET trajectories
The ability to infer quantitative kinetic information from single-molecule FRET (smFRET) data can be challenging. Here the authors perform a blind benchmark study assessing different analysis tools used to infer kinetic rate constants from smFRET trajectories, testing on simulated and experimental data.
- Markus Götz
- , Anders Barth
- & Sonja Schmid
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Article
| Open AccessRatiometric afterglow luminescent nanoplatform enables reliable quantification and molecular imaging
Afterglow luminescence is promising for non-background molecular imaging in vivo. Here the authors report a ratiometric afterglow luminescent nanoplatform to generate activatable afterglow probes for quantification of specific analytes including NO.
- Yongchao Liu
- , Lili Teng
- & Weihong Tan
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Article
| Open AccessMulti-parameter photon-by-photon hidden Markov modeling
In this work, the authors demonstrate the application of multi-parameter photon-by-photon hidden Markov modeling (mpH2MM) on alternating laser excitation (ALEX)-based smFRET measurements. The utility of mpH2MM in identifying and quantifying dynamic biomolecular sub-populations is demonstrated in three different systems.
- Paul David Harris
- , Alessandra Narducci
- & Eitan Lerner
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Article
| Open AccessEngineering of a fluorescent chemogenetic reporter with tunable color for advanced live-cell imaging
Fluorescent reporters spanning the visible spectrum are needed for imaging live cells and organisms. Here the authors report a collection of fluorogenic chromophores that cover the visible spectrum from blue to red using a single engineered and optimised protein tag.
- Hela Benaissa
- , Karim Ounoughi
- & Arnaud Gautier
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Article
| Open AccessIntrinsically disordered protein biosensor tracks the physical-chemical effects of osmotic stress on cells
Methods to monitor osmolarity-dependent changes in cell are currently lacking. Here the authors use the Arabidopsis intrinsically disordered AtLEA4-5 protein, which is expressed in plants under water deficit, to develop a FRET biosensor (SED1) to monitor osmotic stress.
- Cesar L. Cuevas-Velazquez
- , Tamara Vellosillo
- & José R. Dinneny
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Article
| Open AccessIntegration of FRET and sequencing to engineer kinase biosensors from mammalian cell libraries
Existing Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) biosensors are often limited in their sensitivity. Here the authors report FRET-seq which they use to identify Fyn and ZAP70 kinase biosensors with enhanced performance, and use them to image T-cell activation and screen drugs.
- Longwei Liu
- , Praopim Limsakul
- & Yingxiao Wang
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Article
| Open AccessAn l-2-hydroxyglutarate biosensor based on specific transcriptional regulator LhgR
L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2-HG) is an important metabolite but its regulation is poorly understood. Here the authors report an L-2-HG FRET biosensor based on the allosteric transcription factor, LhgR, to monitor L-2-HG in cells and biological samples.
- Zhaoqi Kang
- , Manman Zhang
- & Ping Xu
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Article
| Open AccessElectromechanical coupling mechanism for activation and inactivation of an HCN channel
Sea urchin hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (spHCN) ion channels channels are activated by membrane hyperpolarization instead of depolarization and undergo inactivation with hyperpolarization. Here authors apply transition metal ion FRET, patch-clamp fluorometry and Rosetta modeling to measure differences in the structural rearrangements between activation and inactivation of spHCN channels.
- Gucan Dai
- , Teresa K. Aman
- & William N. Zagotta
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Article
| Open AccessQuantification of FRET-induced angular displacement by monitoring sensitized acceptor anisotropy using a dim fluorescent donor
The FRET efficiency usually predominantly depends on the proximity of donor and acceptor. Here the authors report an anisotropy-based mode of FRET detection, FRET-induced Angular Displacement Evaluation via Dim donor (FADED), to allow quantification of the relative angle between donor and acceptor.
- Danai Laskaratou
- , Guillermo Solís Fernández
- & Hideaki Mizuno
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Article
| Open AccessThe smfBox is an open-source platform for single-molecule FRET
Broad uptake of smFRET has been hindered by high instrument costs and a lack of open-source hardware and acquisition software. Here, the authors present the smfBox, a cost-effective open-source platform capable of measuring precise FRET efficiencies between dyes on freely diffusing single molecules.
- Benjamin Ambrose
- , James M. Baxter
- & Timothy D. Craggs
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Article
| Open AccessSingle-molecule photoreaction quantitation through intraparticle-surface energy transfer (i-SET) spectroscopy
Single-molecule sensing is very challenging due to weak emitted signals and environmental interference. Here the authors design a method (i-SET) for single molecule sensing with core-shell upconverting nanoparticles, which relies on signal enhancement by the activator-rich probes to quantify fluorophores attached to a single nanoparticle.
- Jian Zhou
- , Changyu Li
- & Renren Deng
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Article
| Open AccessA STING-based biosensor affords broad cyclic dinucleotide detection within single living eukaryotic cells
Cyclic dinucleotides are conserved second messengers but current detection methods are limited. Here the authors engineer a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based biosensor, BioSTING, which gives real-time in vitro detection of these nucleotides.
- Alex J. Pollock
- , Shivam A. Zaver
- & Joshua J. Woodward
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Article
| Open AccessA general approach to engineer positive-going eFRET voltage indicators
Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) allow visualisation of fast action potentials in neurons but most are bright at rest and dimmer during an action potential. Here, the authors engineer electrochromic FRET GEVIs with fast, bright and positive-going fluorescence signals for in vivo imaging.
- Ahmed S. Abdelfattah
- , Rosario Valenti
- & Eric R. Schreiter
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Article
| Open AccessA rationally enhanced red fluorescent protein expands the utility of FRET biosensors
TagRFP is a bright red fluorescent protein, but undergoes photoconversion to a dark state, making it undesirable for conventional fluorescence microscopy. Here, the authors introduce stabilising mutations to create super-TagRFP (stagRFP) and demonstrate its application as both a FRET acceptor and FRET donor.
- Gary C. H. Mo
- , Clara Posner
- & Jin Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessA biosensor-based framework to measure latent proteostasis capacity
A pool of quality control proteins (QC) maintains the protein-folding homeostasis in the cell, but its quantitative analysis is challenging. Here the authors develop a FRET sensor based on the protein barnase, able to quantify QC holdase activity and its ability to suppress protein aggregation.
- Rebecca J. Wood
- , Angelique R. Ormsby
- & Danny M. Hatters
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Article
| Open AccessSingle-molecule FRET reveals multiscale chromatin dynamics modulated by HP1α
Chromatin fibers undergo continuous structural rearrangements but their dynamic architecture is poorly understood. Here, the authors use single-molecule FRET to determine the structural states and interconversion kinetics of chromatin fibers, monitoring their effector protein-dependent dynamic motions.
- Sinan Kilic
- , Suren Felekyan
- & Beat Fierz
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Article
| Open AccessDetecting stoichiometry of macromolecular complexes in live cells using FRET
Measuring thein vivo stoichiometry of protein-protein interactions is challenging. Here the authors take a FRET-based approach, quantifying stoichiometry based on ratiometric comparison of donor and acceptor fluorescence, and apply their method to report on a Ca2+-induced switch in calmodulin binding to Ca2+ion channels.
- Manu Ben-Johny
- , Daniel N. Yue
- & David T. Yue
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Article
| Open AccessActivation-induced deoxycytidine deaminase (AID) co-transcriptional scanning at single-molecule resolution
Activation-induced deoxycytidine deaminase (AID) induces somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination during transcription of immunoglobulin genes. Here the authors use single-molecule FRET to show that AID translocates together with RNA polymerase and scans within stalled transcription bubbles.
- Gayan Senavirathne
- , Jeffrey G. Bertram
- & David Rueda
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Article
| Open AccessReal-time submillisecond single-molecule FRET dynamics of freely diffusing molecules with liposome tethering
Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer is widely used to probe biomolecular dynamics, but is limited by its temporal resolution. Here, Kim et al. push the limit to submillisecond for the duration of tens of milliseconds by tethering target molecules to liposomes in buffer solutions.
- Jae-Yeol Kim
- , Cheolhee Kim
- & Nam Ki Lee
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Article |
Photoswitchable semiconductor nanocrystals with self-regulating photochromic Förster resonance energy transfer acceptors
Photochromic Förster resonance energy transfer endows nanosensors with photoswitchable fluorescence properties. Diaz et al. present a system with two photostationary end states, one of which exhibits constant quenching of the quantum dot donor independent of its mean distance to the photochromic acceptors.
- Sebastián A. Díaz
- , Florencia Gillanders
- & Thomas M. Jovin
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Article
| Open AccessAssembling programmable FRET-based photonic networks using designer DNA scaffolds
DNA is a useful molecule with which to construct nanomaterials with controllable functionalities. Here, the authors fabricate photonic wires by appending dye molecules at set positions along DNA structures, and show how FRET performance can be tuned by modifying dye separation.
- Susan Buckhout-White
- , Christopher M Spillmann
- & Igor L. Medintz
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Article |
Bio-optimized energy transfer in densely packed fluorescent protein enables near-maximal luminescence and solid-state lasers
Mammalian and bacteria cells producing fluorescent proteins (FP) have been recently proposed as living sources of laser light. Here, Gather and Yun demonstrate efficient lasing in the solid state form of FPs and observed Förster resonance energy transfer between molecules in blends of different FPs.
- Malte C. Gather
- & Seok Hyun Yun
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Article |
Bright and fast multicoloured voltage reporters via electrochromic FRET
Genetically encoded voltage sensors are useful tools for the analysis of membrane potential and its influence on cell function. Here, the authors present a range of these sensors with varying colours for rapid and sensitive neuronal voltage imaging.
- Peng Zou
- , Yongxin Zhao
- & Adam E. Cohen
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Article |
Four-colour FRET reveals directionality in the Hsp90 multicomponent machinery
The activity of heat shock proteins (Hsp) is modified by binding to cochaperones. Here, the authors develop a four-colour FRET system to show that cochaperone p23 binding to Hsp90 strengthens the ATP-dependent directionality, thus validating their approach for the study of other multicomponent protein machines.
- C. Ratzke
- , B. Hellenkamp
- & T. Hugel
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Article |
Imaging neural spiking in brain tissue using FRET-opsin protein voltage sensors
Genetically encoded optical voltage sensors measure the electrical activity of various tissues with limited effectiveness, due to the sensors’ suboptimal performance metrics. Gong et al.create a sensor with increased brightness, fast kinetics and improved dynamic ranges when compared with previous sensors.
- Yiyang Gong
- , Mark J. Wagner
- & Mark J. Schnitzer
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Article |
Photonic effects on the Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency
Förster resonance energy transfer, where energy is transferred between luminescent states, is a mechanism used for applications in photovoltaics or bio-imaging. Here, the authors show that these energy transfer rates are independent of the photonic environment, providing valuable feedback for applications.
- Freddy T. Rabouw
- , Stephan A. den Hartog
- & Andries Meijerink
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Article |
Visualizing specific protein glycoforms by transmembrane fluorescence resonance energy transfer
A common post-translational modification is the attachment of sugars, but proteins with different sugar chains, known as glycoforms, are hard to distinguish. Here, the authors use transmembrane fluorescence resonance energy transfer to visualize specific glycoforms of the membrane protein GLUT4 in living cells.
- Yoshimi Haga
- , Kumiko Ishii
- & Tadashi Suzuki
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Article |
Detection of focal adhesion kinase activation at membrane microdomains by fluorescence resonance energy transfer
The focal adhesion kinase has a role in cell adhesion and migration. In this study, a fluorescent resonance energy transfer biosensor is designed to monitor focal adhesion kinase activity at membrane microdomains, revealing that the mechanisms that activate focal adhesion kinase are stimulus dependent.
- Jihye Seong
- , Mingxing Ouyang
- & Yingxiao Wang