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| Open AccessSpintronic leaky-integrate-fire spiking neurons with self-reset and winner-takes-all for neuromorphic computing
Designing bio-inspired artificial neurons within a single device is challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate a spintronic neuron with leaky-integrate-fire and self-reset characteristics and corroborate a new trajectory of all-spin neuromorphic computing hardware holistic implementation.
- Di Wang
- , Ruifeng Tang
- & Guozhong Xing
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Article
| Open AccessOpen-circuit and short-circuit loss management in wide-gap perovskite p-i-n solar cells
A mismatch between quasi-Fermi level splitting and open-circuit voltage is detrimental to wide bandgap perovskite pin solar cells. Here, through theoretical and experimental approaches, the authors optimize n- and p-type interfaces to achieve open-circuit voltage of 1.29 V and T80 of 3500 h at 85 °C.
- Pietro Caprioglio
- , Joel A. Smith
- & Henry J. Snaith
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Article
| Open AccessField programmable spin arrays for scalable quantum repeaters
Applications of solid-state qubits in large-scale quantum networks are limited by power and density constraints associated with microwave driving. Here the authors propose a programmable architecture based on diamond color centers driven by electric or strain fields for reduced cross-talk and power consumption.
- Hanfeng Wang
- , Matthew E. Trusheim
- & Dirk R. Englund
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Article
| Open AccessBroadband microwave detection using electron spins in a hybrid diamond-magnet sensor chip
Electron spins in diamond allow magnetometry with high sensitivity, but the bandwidth in the microwave regime is limited to a narrow band around their resonance frequency. Here, the authors solve this problem by coupling the spins to a thin film of yttrium iron garnet, exploiting the non-linear spin-wave dynamics of the magnet.
- Joris J. Carmiggelt
- , Iacopo Bertelli
- & Toeno van der Sar
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| Open AccessCoherence protection of spin qubits in hexagonal boron nitride
Spin defects in 2D hBN are promising for magnetic field sensing but suffer from short spin coherence times. Here the authors extend the coherence time for an ensemble of spins in hBN to 4 microseconds by using a continuous microwave drive and demonstrate qubit control in a protected spin space.
- Andrew J. Ramsay
- , Reza Hekmati
- & Isaac J. Luxmoore
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Article
| Open AccessObservation of electronic modes in open cavity resonator
Electron optics draws upon the resemblance between electron and optical waves. Here, the authors report on the observation of electron mode formation in open cavity resonators realized in a GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electronic gas.
- Hwanchul Jung
- , Dongsung T. Park
- & Hyung Kook Choi
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Article
| Open AccessStrong room-temperature bulk nonlinear Hall effect in a spin-valley locked Dirac material
The nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE) results in a second-harmonic transverse voltage in response to alternating longitudinal current in zero magnetic field and has so far only been observed at low temperatures in bulk materials. Here, the authors observe bulk NLHE at room temperature in the Dirac material BaMnSb2, which will provide a large photocurrent for applications in THz detection.
- Lujin Min
- , Hengxin Tan
- & Zhiqiang Mao
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Article
| Open AccessGeneral low-temperature growth of two-dimensional nanosheets from layered and nonlayered materials
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a versatile method to synthesize 2D materials, but usually requires high growth temperatures. Here, the authors report a BiOCl-assisted CVD approach to grow 2D nanosheets from 27 different layered and nonlayered materials at temperatures <500 °C, which are compatible with back-end-of-the-line industrial processes.
- Biao Qin
- , Muhammad Zeeshan Saeed
- & Xidong Duan
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Article
| Open AccessSelf-powered high-sensitivity all-in-one vertical tribo-transistor device for multi-sensing-memory-computing
Designing efficient sensing-memory-computing systems remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose a self-powered vertical tribo-transistor based on MXenes to implement the multi-sensing-memory-computing function and the interaction of multisensory integration.
- Yaqian Liu
- , Di Liu
- & Huipeng Chen
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Article
| Open AccessPlasmonic gain in current biased tilted Dirac nodes
Here, the authors predict that plasmons in two-dimensional materials with closely located electron and hole Fermi pockets can be amplified when an electrical current bias is applied along the displaced electron-hole pockets, without the need for an external gain medium.
- Sang Hyun Park
- , Michael Sammon
- & Tony Low
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Article
| Open AccessGiant spin ensembles in waveguide magnonics
‘Giant atom’ physics occurs when the size of the atomic system becomes comparable to the wavelength of the light it interacts with. For atoms, such a regime is impossible to reach, however, for artificial atomic systems such ‘giant atom’ physics can be explored. Here, Wang et al demonstrate giant spin ensembles, consisting of magnetic spheres coupled to a microwave waveguide.
- Zi-Qi Wang
- , Yi-Pu Wang
- & J. Q. You
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Article
| Open AccessSynergistic passivation and stepped-dimensional perovskite analogs enable high-efficiency near-infrared light-emitting diodes
Defect-assisted nonradiative recombination and carrier aggregation at the interface hinder the potential of perovskites as emitter for light-emitting diodes. Here, Fang et al. achieve an external quantum efficiency of 24.1% by combining multidimensional perovskite with cascade conduction bands.
- Yongjie Liu
- , Chen Tao
- & Guojia Fang
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Article
| Open AccessElectro-active metaobjective from metalenses-on-demand
Future optical devices, e.g., for AR and VR, will require sophisticated flat metaoptics with unique optical functionalities. The authors demonstrate a metaobjective based on electrically switchable metallic polymer metalenses, whose optical states and focal length is adjustable via CMOS compatible voltages.
- Julian Karst
- , Yohan Lee
- & Harald Giessen
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Article
| Open AccessHigh thermal conductivity in wafer-scale cubic silicon carbide crystals
High thermal conductivity electronic materials are critical for next-generation electronics and photonics. Here, the authors report isotropic high thermal conductivity of 3C-SiC wafers exceeding 500 W m−1K−1.
- Zhe Cheng
- , Jianbo Liang
- & David G. Cahill
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Article
| Open AccessQuantum bath engineering of a high impedance microwave mode through quasiparticle tunneling
Quantum bath engineering in the context of circuit quantum electrodynamics typically relies on single-photon losses. Aiello et al. demonstrate an approach for engineering higher-order photon losses in a microwave resonator coupled to a tunnel junction, which may be utilized in quantum information applications.
- Gianluca Aiello
- , Mathieu Féchant
- & Jérôme Estève
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Article
| Open AccessProgrammable ferroelectric bionic vision hardware with selective attention for high-precision image classification
Selective attention is an efficient processing strategy to allocate computational resources for pivotal optical information. Here, the authors propose a bionic vision hardware to emulate the behavior, showing a potential in image classification.
- Rengjian Yu
- , Lihua He
- & Huipeng Chen
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Article
| Open AccessThree-to-one analog signal modulation with a single back-bias-controlled reconfigurable transistor
Designing efficient reconfigurable field effect transistors remains a challenge. Here, the authors develop a transistor with three distinct operation modes, realized directly on an industrial 22nm FDSOI platform, demonstrating a reconfigurable analog circuit element with signal follower, phase shifter, and frequency doubler operation.
- Maik Simon
- , Halid Mulaosmanovic
- & Jens Trommer
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Article
| Open AccessOn-chip generation and dynamic piezo-optomechanical rotation of single photons
Hybrid quantum technologies synergistically combine different types of systems with complementary strengths. Here, the authors show monolithic integration and control of quantum dots and the emitted single photons in a surface acoustic wave-driven GaAs integrated quantum photonic circuit.
- Dominik D. Bühler
- , Matthias Weiß
- & Hubert J. Krenner
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-lying valley-polarized trions in 2D semiconductors
Here, the authors observe tightly bound, valley-polarized, UV-emissive trions in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide transistors. These are quasiparticles composed of an electron from a high-lying conduction band with negative effective mass, a hole from the first valence band, and an additional charge from a band-edge state.
- Kai-Qiang Lin
- , Jonas D. Ziegler
- & John M. Lupton
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Article
| Open AccessUnimon qubit
While transmon is the most widely used superconducting qubit, the search for alternative qubit designs with improved characteristic is ongoing. Hyyppä et al. demonstrate a novel superconducting qubit, the unimon, that combines high anharmonicity and protection against low-frequency charge noise and flux noise.
- Eric Hyyppä
- , Suman Kundu
- & Mikko Möttönen
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Article
| Open AccessAnomalous universal conductance as a hallmark of non-locality in a Majorana-hosted superconducting island
The ability to detect the non-local nature of topological states in electron transport is highly desirable for topological quantum computation. Hao et al. propose a two-terminal transport scheme to detect the non-locality of a topological superconducting island via anomalous scaling of the tunnelling conductance.
- Yiru Hao
- , Gu Zhang
- & Dong E. Liu
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Article
| Open AccessStokes meta-hologram toward optical cryptography
Achieving optical cryptography scheme with both high capacity and security is highly desirable. Here, authors report a Stokes meta-hologram with a hierarchical encryption strategy that allows vector encryptions to produce depth-masked ciphertexts.
- Xuyue Guo
- , Peng Li
- & Jianlin Zhao
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Article
| Open AccessSensitivity and spectral control of network lasers
Nanophotonic light sources with programmable emission spectrum are important building blocks for integrated photonics, sensing and optical computing. Here the authors tune the complex laser spectrum of a network laser achieving selective lasing of a single, two or more modes.
- Dhruv Saxena
- , Alexis Arnaudon
- & Riccardo Sapienza
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Article
| Open AccessThe gate injection-based field-effect synapse transistor with linear conductance update for online training
The conventional von Neumann computing architecture is ill suited to data intensive tasks as data must be repeated moved between the separated processing and memory units. Here, Seo et al propose a CMOS compatible, highly linear gate injection field-effect transistor where data can be both stored and processed.
- Seokho Seo
- , Beomjin Kim
- & Shinhyun Choi
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Article
| Open AccessSynthetic Pseudo-Spin-Hall effect in acoustic metamaterials
Controlling emission and propagation of acoustic waves offers new design opportunities for acoustic devices. Here the authors demonstrate such controls thanks to the emergence of a synthetic pseudo-spin in two-dimensional acoustic metamaterial.
- Matthew Weiner
- , Xiang Ni
- & Alexander B. Khanikaev
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Article
| Open AccessSpray-coated perovskite hemispherical photodetector featuring narrow-band and wide-angle imaging
Hemispherical photodetectors allow wide sight angle without the complex optical paths of fisheye lenses. Here, Wei et al, report a spray-coated quasi-two-dimensional perovskite hemispherical photodetector with wavelength selective response from the visible to the near-infrared.
- Xiaopeng Feng
- , Yuhong He
- & Haotong Wei
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Article
| Open AccessStandardized measurement of dielectric materials’ intrinsic triboelectric charge density through the suppression of air breakdown
Determining the triboelectric charge and energy density of dielectric materials is generally limited by many factors, failing to reflect their intrinsic behaviour. Here, a standardized strategy is proposed employing contact-separation TENG and supressing air-breakdown to assess max triboelectric charge and energy densities leading to an updated triboelectric series.
- Di Liu
- , Linglin Zhou
- & Zhong Lin Wang
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Article
| Open AccessAll-optical control of spin in a 2D van der Waals magnet
The use of light in driving the magnetization of materials has great technological potential, as well as allowing for insights into the fast dynamics of magnetic systems. Here, the authors combine CrI3, a van der Waals magnet, with WSe2, and demonstrate all optical switching of the resulting heterostructure.
- Maciej Da̧browski
- , Shi Guo
- & Robert J. Hicken
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Article
| Open AccessTwo-particle time-domain interferometry in the fractional quantum Hall effect regime
Excitations of the fractional quantum Hall states are of great interest because they obey anyonic statistics, but electronic interferometers give contrasting results about their quantum coherence. Here the authors use novel two-particle time-domain interferometry to show that quantum coherence is indeed preserved.
- I. Taktak
- , M. Kapfer
- & D. C. Glattli
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Article
| Open AccessTransition metal dichalcogenide metaphotonic and self-coupled polaritonic platform grown by chemical vapor deposition
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are interesting for nanophotonic applications due to their high refractive index and excitonic properties. Here, the authors report a scalable bottom-up fabrication method to realize arrays of TMDC metastructures showing dielectric optical modes and self-coupled exciton-polaritons.
- Fuhuan Shen
- , Zhenghe Zhang
- & Zefeng Chen
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Article
| Open AccessGrowth of bilayer MoTe2 single crystals with strong non-linear Hall effect
2D transition metal ditellurides exhibit nontrivial topological phases, but the controlled bottom-up synthesis of these materials is still challenging. Here, the authors report the layer-by-layer growth of large-area bilayer and trilayer 1T’ MoTe2 films, showing thickness-dependent ferroelectricity and nonlinear Hall effect.
- Teng Ma
- , Hao Chen
- & Kian Ping Loh
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Article
| Open AccessFlying electron spin control gates
Spin qubits are a platform for quantum computing. There are many advantages for quantum information processing if the spin qubit can move. Here, Helgers et al. use a surface acoustic wave to define a moving quantum dot and demonstrate the magneticfield-free control of the spin precession, bringing “flying” spin qubits a step closer.
- Paul L. J. Helgers
- , James A. H. Stotz
- & Paulo V. Santos
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Article
| Open AccessSimulating hyperbolic space on a circuit board
Spaces with negative curvature are difficult to realise and investigate experimentally, but they can be emulated with synthetic matter. Here, the authors show how to do this using an electric circuit network, and present a method to characterize and verify the hyperbolic nature of the implemented model.
- Patrick M. Lenggenhager
- , Alexander Stegmaier
- & Tomáš Bzdušek
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| Open AccessProlonging valley polarization lifetime through gate-controlled exciton-to-trion conversion in monolayer molybdenum ditelluride
Here, the authors devise a strategy for prolonging the valley polarization lifetime in monolayer MoTe2 by converting excitons to trions through gate control, and by taking advantage of the longer valley polarization lifetime of trions.
- Qiyao Zhang
- , Hao Sun
- & Cun-Zheng Ning
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Article
| Open AccessElectric-field control of nonlinear THz spintronic emitters
Spintronic terahertz (THz) emitters are a class of magnetic heterostructure where femtosecond laser excitations generate THz radiation emission. While they have great potential, electric field control of spintronic emitter remains a challenge. Here, by combining a spintronic emitter with a piezoelectric substrate, Agarwal et al. demonstrate electric field control of THz emission through induced piezostrain.
- Piyush Agarwal
- , Lisen Huang
- & Ranjan Singh
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| Open AccessUltralow-voltage operation of light-emitting diodes
Light emission from 17 types of LEDs is observed at record-low voltages of 36–60% of the bandgaps, which cannot be explained by earlier theories. The electroluminescence-voltage curves reveal a unified mechanism for ultralow-voltage LED operation.
- Yaxiao Lian
- , Dongchen Lan
- & Dawei Di
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Article
| Open AccessGeneral recipe to realize photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with 100-W-to-1-kW single-mode operation
Here, the authors analytically derive the general conditions for 100-W-to-1-kW-class single-mode operation in ultra-large-area (3~10 mm) photonic crystal lasers. Such high power single-mode semiconductor lasers will bring innovation to a wide variety of fields.
- Takuya Inoue
- , Masahiro Yoshida
- & Susumu Noda
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Article
| Open AccessTraps and transport resistance are the next frontiers for stable non-fullerene acceptor solar cells
Long operational stability is essential to commercialisation of organic solar cells. Here, the authors investigate the thermal degradation of inverted photovoltaic devices based on PM6:Y6 non-fullerene system to reveal that trap-induced transport resistance is primarily responsible for the drop in fill factor.
- Christopher Wöpke
- , Clemens Göhler
- & Carsten Deibel
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Article
| Open AccessPassive mode-locking and terahertz frequency comb generation in resonant-tunneling-diode oscillator
The authors report passive mode-locking and frequency-comb generation induced by optical feedback in the resonant-tunneling-diode terahertz oscillator, a semiconductor-based oscillator covering the frequency range of 0.1 to 2 THz.
- Tomoki Hiraoka
- , Yuta Inose
- & Koichiro Tanaka
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Article
| Open AccessLight-intensity-dependent photoresponse time of organic photodetectors and its molecular origin
Understanding the charge trapping mechanism in organic semiconductors is crucial to design molecules for high-performance organic photodetectors. Labanti et al. systematically investigate the impact of donor molecular structure on the energetic disorder that affects both shallow and deep trap formation.
- Chiara Labanti
- , Jiaying Wu
- & Ji-Seon Kim
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Article
| Open AccessThird harmonic characterization of antiferromagnetic heterostructures
Harmonic measurements have been used extensively in ferromagnetic/heavy metal heterostructures to characterize the magnetization dynamic; however, it has remained unclear about whether such techniques could be applied to antiferromagnetic devices. Here, Cheng et al demonstrate such a harmonic measurement approach in an antiferromagnet.
- Yang Cheng
- , Egecan Cogulu
- & Fengyuan Yang
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Article
| Open AccessCurrent-induced self-switching of perpendicular magnetization in CoPt single layer
One challenge for spin-based electronics is the controlled and reliable switching of magnetization without magnetic fields. Here, Liu et al investigate a variety of compositions of CoPt, and determine the specific composition to maximize switching performance, potentially simplifying device design.
- Liang Liu
- , Chenghang Zhou
- & Jingsheng Chen
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Article
| Open AccessTopological phonon transport in an optomechanical system
To realize the full promise of topological mechanical vibrations, they have to be controlled successfully at the nanoscale. Here the authors report topological phonon transport in an optomechanical array. This unlocks the full toolbox of cavity optomechanics, coupling light to motion, for the area of topological phononics.
- Hengjiang Ren
- , Tirth Shah
- & Oskar Painter
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Article
| Open AccessBeam steering at the nanosecond time scale with an atomically thin reflector
Andersen et al. have demonstrated a new type of beam steering device based on the excitonic response of an atomically thin semiconductor. Using electrostatic gates, the authors achieved tunable steering with switching times on the nanosecond scale.
- Trond I. Andersen
- , Ryan J. Gelly
- & Mikhail D. Lukin
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Article
| Open AccessCreating boundaries along a synthetic frequency dimension
The exploration of topological boundary effects is one of the important aspects that could foster the development of future topological photonics devices. Here the authors propose a straightforward method to construct sharp boundaries in synthetic dimensions using a modulated ring resonator strongly coupled to an auxiliary ring.
- Avik Dutt
- , Luqi Yuan
- & Shanhui Fan
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Article
| Open AccessUltra-sensitive polarization-resolved black phosphorus homojunction photodetector defined by ferroelectric domains
Integrated polarization-sensitive photodetectors are important for sensing applications and optical communication. Here, the authors report the realization of 2D black phosphorus homojunction photodetectors defined by ferroelectric substrates, showing polarization ratios up to 288 and high responsivity in the near-infrared.
- Shuaiqin Wu
- , Yan Chen
- & Jianlu Wang
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Article
| Open AccessRoom-temperature high-precision printing of flexible wireless electronics based on MXene inks
High-precision printing of flexible wireless electronics has not been achieved before. Here, the authors leverage a room-temperature direct printing strategy to realize an all-MXene-printed integrated system capable of wireless communication, energy harvesting, and smart sensing.
- Yuzhou Shao
- , Lusong Wei
- & Jianfeng Ping
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Article
| Open AccessOptomechanical crystal with bound states in the continuum
Unsuspended optomechanical systems might enable unique applications for quantum sensing and transduction. Here, the authors demonstrate a two-dimensional slab-on-substrate optomechanical crystal empowered by mechanical bound states in the continuum.
- Shengyan Liu
- , Hao Tong
- & Kejie Fang
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Article
| Open AccessSkyrmion pinning energetics in thin film systems
Skyrmions, topological spin textures, can be pinned by defects present in the material that hosts them, influencing their motion. Here, Gruber et al show that the skyrmions are pinned at their boundary where the finite size of the skyrmions governs their pinning, and they demonstrate that certain pinning sites can switched on and off in-situ.
- Raphael Gruber
- , Jakub Zázvorka
- & Mathias Kläui