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| Open AccessLarge-scale single-neuron speech sound encoding across the depth of human cortex
High-density single-neuron recordings show diverse tuning for acoustic and phonetic features across layers in human auditory speech cortex.
- Matthew K. Leonard
- , Laura Gwilliams
- & Edward F. Chang
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Article
| Open AccessLong-range inhibition synchronizes and updates prefrontal task activity
Rule-shift behavioural experiments in mice demonstrate that callosal projections of parvalbumin-expressing neurons switch prefrontal circuits from maintenance mode to rule-learning mode by gating inputs from other callosal inputs that maintain previous rule representations.
- Kathleen K. A. Cho
- , Jingcheng Shi
- & Vikaas S. Sohal
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Article
| Open AccessThe cellular coding of temperature in the mammalian cortex
A study using calcium imaging in the mouse forepaw system identifies neurons in the posterior insular cortex that respond to cooling and/or warming with distinct response dynamics.
- M. Vestergaard
- , M. Carta
- & J. F. A. Poulet
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Article |
Locus coeruleus activity improves cochlear implant performance
Behavioural studies with deafened rats show that locus coeruleus activity and plasticity are key to rapid adaptation to and long-term hearing performance with cochlear implants.
- Erin Glennon
- , Silvana Valtcheva
- & Robert C. Froemke
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Article |
Cortical responses to touch reflect subcortical integration of LTMR signals
Genetic manipulation of skin peripheral sensory neurons in mice shows that cortical neuron responses to touch reflect subcortical mixing of signals from both rapidly adapting and slowly adapting low-threshold mechanoreceptors.
- Alan J. Emanuel
- , Brendan P. Lehnert
- & David D. Ginty
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Article |
Dopamine facilitates associative memory encoding in the entorhinal cortex
Cell-type-specific electrophysiological recording, fibre photometry and optogenetic manipulations in mice show that dopamine signals from the ventral tegmental area to the lateral entorhinal cortex have a key role in cue–reward associative learning.
- Jason Y. Lee
- , Heechul Jun
- & Kei M. Igarashi
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Article |
Locally ordered representation of 3D space in the entorhinal cortex
Recordings from the brains of freely flying bats show that grid cells that represent 3D space have multiple firing fields and are organized with local rather than global order.
- Gily Ginosar
- , Johnatan Aljadeff
- & Nachum Ulanovsky
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Article |
Representational drift in primary olfactory cortex
All odours elicit a unique pattern of neuronal activity in primary olfactory cortex but these patterns drift over time, posing a problem for the perceptual constancy of odours.
- Carl E. Schoonover
- , Sarah N. Ohashi
- & Andrew J. P. Fink
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Article
| Open AccessMouse prefrontal cortex represents learned rules for categorization
Neurons in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex acquire category-selective responses with learning.
- Sandra Reinert
- , Mark Hübener
- & Pieter M. Goltstein
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Article |
Innate and plastic mechanisms for maternal behaviour in auditory cortex
The onset of maternal behaviour in mice involves an interaction between intrinsic tuning of auditory cortical neurons and experience-dependent plasticity.
- Jennifer K. Schiavo
- , Silvana Valtcheva
- & Robert C. Froemke
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Letter |
Object-vector coding in the medial entorhinal cortex
Cells in the mouse medial entorhinal cortex that fire when mice are at a specific distance and direction from a stationary object suggest that vector coding is important for rodent navigation.
- Øyvind Arne Høydal
- , Emilie Ranheim Skytøen
- & Edvard I. Moser
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Letter |
Feature-selective encoding of substrate vibrations in the forelimb somatosensory cortex
Responses to passive vibration of the forelimb in the mouse somatosensory cortex rely on a rate code that is selectively tuned to a combination of stimulus frequency and amplitude, and originate from deep mechanoreceptors close to the bones.
- Mario Prsa
- , Karin Morandell
- & Daniel Huber
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Letter |
A cortical filter that learns to suppress the acoustic consequences of movement
Training of mice to associate a particular sound frequency with locomotion results in selective suppression of cortical responses to that frequency during movement, consistent with a motor-dependent form of auditory cortical plasticity.
- David M. Schneider
- , Janani Sundararajan
- & Richard Mooney
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Letter |
Gamma oscillations organize top-down signalling to hypothalamus and enable food seeking
Coordinated gamma oscillations in the lateral hypothalamus, lateral septum and medial prefrontal cortex are shown to drive food-seeking behaviour in mice independently of nutritional need and to organize firing of feeding behaviour-related hypothalamic neurons.
- Marta Carus-Cadavieco
- , Maria Gorbati
- & Tatiana Korotkova
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Article |
Hippocampal–prefrontal input supports spatial encoding in working memory
Spatial working memory is known to involve the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, but the specificities of the connection have been unclear; now, a direct path between these two areas is defined that is necessary for the encoding of spatial cues in mice, but is not required for the maintenance or retrieval of these cues.
- Timothy Spellman
- , Mattia Rigotti
- & Joshua A. Gordon
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Article |
Oxytocin enables maternal behaviour by balancing cortical inhibition
A study of pup retrieval behaviour in mice shows that oxytocin modulates cortical responses to pup calls specifically in the left auditory cortex; in virgin females, call-evoked responses were enhanced, thus increasing their salience, by pairing oxytocin delivery in the left auditory cortex with the calls, suggesting enhancement was a result of balancing the magnitude and timing of inhibition with excitation.
- Bianca J. Marlin
- , Mariela Mitre
- & Robert C. Froemke
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Article |
Branch-specific dendritic Ca2+ spikes cause persistent synaptic plasticity
Ca2+ spikes are generated on different dendritic branches in the primary motor cortex of mice performing different motor learning tasks, causing long-lasting potentiation of postsynaptic dendritic spines; inactivation of a population of interneurons disrupts the spatial separation of Ca2+ spikes and persistent dendritic spine potentiation, suggesting that the generation of Ca2+ spikes on different dendritic branches is crucial for storing information in individual neurons.
- Joseph Cichon
- & Wen-Biao Gan
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Article |
A synaptic and circuit basis for corollary discharge in the auditory cortex
Here auditory cortex excitatory neurons are shown to decrease their activity during locomotion, grooming and vocalization, and this decrease was paralleled by increased activity in inhibitory interneurons; these findings provide a circuit basis for how self-motion and external sensory signals can be integrated to potentially facilitate hearing.
- David M. Schneider
- , Anders Nelson
- & Richard Mooney
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Letter |
Neural constraints on learning
During learning, the new patterns of neural population activity that develop are constrained by the existing network structure so that certain patterns can be generated more readily than others.
- Patrick T. Sadtler
- , Kristin M. Quick
- & Aaron P. Batista
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Letter |
Emergence of reproducible spatiotemporal activity during motor learning
Inhibitory neuron activity is found to be relatively stable during motor learning whereas excitatory neuron activity is much more dynamic — the results indicate that a large number of neurons exhibit activity changes early on during motor learning, but this population is refined with subsequent practice.
- Andrew J. Peters
- , Simon X. Chen
- & Takaki Komiyama
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Letter |
Cortical interneurons that specialize in disinhibitory control
Cortical inhibitory interneurons expressing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) are shown to specialize in suppressing the activity of other inhibitory interneurons and are activated by reinforcement signals, thus increasing the activity of excitatory neurons by releasing them from inhibition; these results reveal a cell-type-specific microcircuit that tunes cortical activity under certain behavioural conditions.
- Hyun-Jae Pi
- , Balázs Hangya
- & Adam Kepecs
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Letter |
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during auditory discrimination
In an auditory frequency discrimination task in rats, channelrhodopsin-2-mediated stimulation of corticostriatal neurons biases decisions in the direction predicted by the frequency tuning of the stimulated neurons, whereas archaerhodopsin-3-mediated inactivation biases decisions in the opposite direction.
- Petr Znamenskiy
- & Anthony M. Zador
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Article |
Choice-specific sequences in parietal cortex during a virtual-navigation decision task
The neural circuit dynamics in the mouse posterior parietal cortex are found to involve sequences of neural activation rather than longer-lived sustained neural activity states.
- Christopher D. Harvey
- , Philip Coen
- & David W. Tank
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News |
Monkey brains 'feel' virtual objects
Macaques use a brain-controlled virtual hand to identify artificial texture of objects.
- Susan Young
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Letter |
Active tactile exploration using a brain–machine–brain interface
- Joseph E. O’Doherty
- , Mikhail A. Lebedev
- & Miguel A. L. Nicolelis