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| Open AccessSynthetic antimicrobial and LPS-neutralising peptides suppress inflammatory and immune responses in skin cells and promote keratinocyte migration
- Anja Pfalzgraff
- , Lena Heinbockel
- & Günther Weindl
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| Open AccessSymbiosis with Francisella tularensis provides resistance to pathogens in the silkworm
- Jin Suzuki
- , Akihiko Uda
- & Masahisa Watarai
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| Open AccessA subpopulation of high IL-21-producing CD4+ T cells in Peyer’s Patches is induced by the microbiota and regulates germinal centers
- Leigh Jones
- , Wen Qi Ho
- & Maria A. Curotto de Lafaille
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| Open AccessDifferential host susceptibility and bacterial virulence factors driving Klebsiella liver abscess in an ethnically diverse population
- I. Russel Lee
- , James S. Molton
- & Yunn-Hwen Gan
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| Open AccessAdaptive immunity against gut microbiota enhances apoE-mediated immune regulation and reduces atherosclerosis and western-diet-related inflammation
- Diego Saita
- , Roberto Ferrarese
- & Filippo Canducci
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| Open AccessHumoral response against host-mimetic homologous epitopes of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Japanese multiple sclerosis patients
- Davide Cossu
- , Kazumasa Yokoyama
- & Nobutaka Hattori
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| Open AccessMicroglia retard dengue virus-induced acute viral encephalitis
- Tsung-Ting Tsai
- , Chia-Ling Chen
- & Chiou-Feng Lin
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| Open AccessButyrate upregulates endogenous host defense peptides to enhance disease resistance in piglets via histone deacetylase inhibition
- Haitao Xiong
- , Bingxiu Guo
- & Huahua Du
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| Open AccessHepatitis B virus inhibits intrinsic RIG-I and RIG-G immune signaling via inducing miR146a
- Zhaohua Hou
- , Jian Zhang
- & Zhigang Tian
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| Open AccessA putative nitroreductase from the DosR regulon of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces pro-inflammatory cytokine expression via TLR2 signaling pathway
- Vidyullatha Peddireddy
- , Sankara Narayana Doddam
- & Niyaz Ahmed
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| Open AccessA common theme in extracellular fluids of beetles: extracellular superoxide dismutases crucial for balancing ROS in response to microbial challenge
- René R. Gretscher
- , Priska E. Streicher
- & Antje Burse
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| Open AccessmicroRNA-146a promotes mycobacterial survival in macrophages through suppressing nitric oxide production
- Miao Li
- , Jinli Wang
- & Xi Huang
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| Open AccessStaphylococcus aureus-derived factors induce IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-17A-expressing FOXP3+CD161+ T-helper cells in a partly monocyte-dependent manner
- Sophia Björkander
- , Lena Hell
- & Eva Sverremark-Ekström
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| Open AccessExpression of the innate immune receptor LILRB5 on monocytes is associated with mycobacteria exposure
- Louise E. Hogan
- , Des C. Jones
- & Rachel L. Allen
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| Open AccessImpact of different cell penetrating peptides on the efficacy of antisense therapeutics for targeting intracellular pathogens
- Mostafa F. N. Abushahba
- , Haroon Mohammad
- & Mohamed N. Seleem
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| Open AccessBacterial Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP) Restricts Human Cytomegalovirus Replication via an IFN-β-Dependent Pathway
- Arun Kapoor
- , Yi-Hsin Fan
- & Ravit Arav-Boger
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| Open AccessFosfomycin enhances phagocyte-mediated killing of Staphylococcus aureus by extracellular traps and reactive oxygen species
- Fengge Shen
- , Xudong Tang
- & Lu Yu
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| Open AccessA functional polymorphism in IFNAR1 gene is associated with susceptibility and severity of HFMD with EV71 infection
- Rongrong Zou
- , Guoliang Zhang
- & Yingxia Liu
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| Open AccessIdentification of a novel antimicrobial peptide from amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum by in silico and functional analyses
- Haohan Liu
- , Miaomiao Lei
- & Shicui Zhang
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| Open AccessClassical ROS-dependent and early/rapid ROS-independent release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps triggered by Leishmania parasites
- Natalia C. Rochael
- , Anderson B. Guimarães-Costa
- & Elvira M. Saraiva
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| Open AccessDiscriminating Active Tuberculosis from Latent Tuberculosis Infection by flow cytometric measurement of CD161-expressing T cells
- Qianting Yang
- , Qian Xu
- & Xinchun Chen
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| Open AccessReciprocal immune benefit based on complementary production of antibiotics by the leech Hirudo verbana and its gut symbiont Aeromonas veronii
- Aurélie Tasiemski
- , François Massol
- & Michel Salzet
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| Open AccessIdentification of a novel cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide from ducks and determination of its functional activity and antibacterial mechanism
- Wei Gao
- , Liwei Xing
- & Xingjun Feng
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| Open AccessAntigenic sites on the HN domain of botulinum neurotoxin A stimulate protective antibody responses against active toxin
- B. Vijayalakshmi Ayyar
- , Rajeev B. Tajhya
- & M. Zouhair Atassi
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| Open AccessDisparate developmental patterns of immune responses to bacterial and viral infections in fish
- Rosario Castro
- , Luc Jouneau
- & Pierre Boudinot
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| Open AccessActivation of Vago by interferon regulatory factor (IRF) suggests an interferon system-like antiviral mechanism in shrimp
- Chaozheng Li
- , Haoyang Li
- & Jianguo He
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| Open AccessBasal Autophagy Is Required for Herpes simplex Virus-2 Infection
- Abraam M. Yakoub
- & Deepak Shukla
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| Open AccessBioluminescent imaging of vaccinia virus infection in immunocompetent and immunodeficient rats as a model for human smallpox
- Qiang Liu
- , Changfa Fan
- & Youchun Wang
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| Open AccessEarly Effector CD8 T Cells Display Plasticity in Populating the Short-Lived Effector and Memory-Precursor Pools Following Bacterial or Viral Infection
- Courtney R. Plumlee
- , Joshua J. Obar
- & Kamal M. Khanna
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| Open AccessProbing the protective mechanism of poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate against vibriosis by using gnotobiotic Artemia franciscana and Vibrio campbellii as host-pathogen model
- Kartik Baruah
- , Tran T. Huy
- & Peter Bossier
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| Open AccessReliable Genotypic Tropism Tests for the Major HIV-1 Subtypes
- Kieran Cashin
- , Lachlan R. Gray
- & Paul R. Gorry
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| Open AccessNatural killer T cells play a necessary role in modulating of immune-mediated liver injury by gut microbiota
- Jianing Chen
- , Yingfeng Wei
- & Hongyan Diao
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| Open AccessActive and secreted IgA-coated bacterial fractions from the human gut reveal an under-represented microbiota core
- Giuseppe D'Auria
- , Francesc Peris-Bondia
- & Andrés Moya
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| Open AccessPlasma amino acids imbalance in cirrhotic patients disturbs the tricarboxylic acid cycle of dendritic cell
- Eiji Kakazu
- , Yasuteru Kondo
- & Tooru Shimosegawa
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| Open AccessSeroconversion of sentinel chickens as a biomarker for monitoring exposure to visceral Leishmaniasis
- Bárbara Ribeiro Soares
- , Ana Paula Almeida Souza
- & Aldina Barral
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| Open AccessProtective efficacy of orally administered, heat-killed Lactobacillus pentosus b240 against influenza A virus
- Maki Kiso
- , Ryo Takano
- & Yoshihiro Kawaoka