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The mechanics and mechanisms of ribosomal translocation, including the conformational rearrangements in the ribosome and the roles of EF-G and tRNAs, are discussed in this Perspective by Mohan, Noller and colleagues.
The DNA-adenine modification 6mA has recently been identified in metazoans. This Perspective summarizes the latest discoveries and suggests potential functional roles for 6mA in metazoan genomes.
In this Perspective, the authors consider how DNA breaks stimulate R-loop formation, particularly within actively transcribed genomic regions, and discuss the cellular mechanisms that prevent or remove RNA–DNA hybrids to preserve genome integrity.