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The cryo-EM structure of the full 80S human ribosome is presented at 1.9 Å resolution. Numerous new chemical modifications are resolved, resulting in over 230 annotated sites cross-validated by mass spectometry. Ions and water molecules are seen to stabilize the RNA architecture.
Using naive human embryonic stem cells as a model for early embryogenesis, the authors report that the XIST (X-inactive specific transcript) long noncoding RNA recruits repressive histone marks and attenuates X chromosome expression before the establishment of X chromosome inactivation.
Here the authors elucidate how epigenetic regulation influences the regulatory impact of transposable elements in the human genome using cellular models of the neurodegenerative disease XDP, which is caused by an SVA insertion at the TAF1 locus.
Using cryo-electron microscopy, the authors reveal the mechanism by which perampanel-like molecules inhibit AMPA receptors. They show that the inhibitors decouple the ligand-binding domain from the ion channel after neurotransmitter binding and outcompete positive modulators.
Autophagy degrades cellular waste by engulfing it in phagophore membranes and delivering it to lysosomes for degradation. Here Mohan and colleagues identified a type of membrane coat that assembles on phagophores to guide their expansion.
Here, using cryo-EM and biochemistry, the authors delineate how the XPD helicase unorthodoxly uses its Arch domain to separate double-stranded DNA upon approaching a DNA lesion, promoting our understanding of NER bubble formation and damage verification.
Here the authors identify the transcription factors TFAP2C and TEAD4 as a bistable switch that reconciles into Hippo ON and OFF states, establishing a composite state at the eight-cell stage and critically regulating lineage diversification.
The authors solve a cryo-EM structure of the regulatory subunit of human protein phosphatase 2A in complex with HIV-1 Vif-containing E3 ligase, leading to improvement of our understanding of host–virus protein interactions.
Here the authors show that active DNA demethylation and transcription factor occupation at distal regulatory elements is essential for pluripotency maintenance in dormancy conditions.
Using time-resolved cryo-EM, the authors capture complete structural snapshots of the enzymatic cycle coupled with channel gating in a TRPM-type channel enzyme.
The authors revealed that the general translation factor eIF4A exerts a repressive effect on a subset of mRNAs by enhancing LARP1 and TOP mRNAs during mTORC1 inhibition under stress.
This study reports the structure of lysosomal N-acetyltransferase HGSNAT providing insights into the mechanism of lysosomal transmembrane acetylation of heparan sulfate required for its catabolism.
The authors identify genes potentially involved in NAD(H) redox modulation and provide insight on major hit HES4, which uses its transcriptional repressive function to drive pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and tumor growth.
Here the authors used cryogenic electron microscopy and biochemistry to understand how yeast Mcm10 exerts its essential role in DNA replication initiation, finding that it splits the double Cdc45-MCM-GINS-Polε structure. The lagging-strand template is ejected from each MCM ring as the central channel of the helicase becomes too tight to accommodate two DNA strands.
Here, using cryo-EM, the authors reveal the mechanism by which RecA filamented on single-stranded DNA binds to and induces LexA cleavage, the key signal governing the bacterial DNA damage response pathway implicated in antibiotic resistance.
Designed novel protein nanoparticle technology integrates antibody targeting and responds to changes in environmental conditions to release protected molecular cargoes, opening new applications for precision medicine.
Telomeres are endogenous cellular targets of DNA ADP-ribosylation (DNA-ADPr). TARG1-regulated DNA-ADPr is coupled to lagging telomere DNA strand synthesis, and persistent DNA-ADPr, due to TARG1 deficiency, leads to telomere shortening and fragility.
The authors uncovered an antiparasitic molecule that exhibits broad-spectrum activity against parasitic flukes through engagement of a recently discovered transient receptor potential ion channel.