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Yang and colleagues discuss the clinical need and rationale for a phosphoproteomics approach to personalizing prostate cancer treatment. They describe current technologies, clinical findings, and challenges and strategies to realizing routine clinical application of phosphoproteomics.
In this article, the authors discuss cribriform morphology — now recognized as the most aggressive Gleason pattern 4 subtype — and suggest that prostate cancer grading paradigms should be further refined to distinguish cribriform from noncribriform Gleason pattern 4.
The biology of masculinization is important for understanding embryonic developmental processes involved in the development of the male reproductive tract, genitalia and tumorigenesis of prostate cancer. In this Review, the authors describe our current understanding of the regulation of masculinization.
Social media offer varied opportunities for education and networking for patients with prostate cancer and health-care professionals, as well as potential uses in research, advocacy, and awareness campaigns. In this Review, leaders in the field discuss social media in prostate cancer and consider the obstacles and potential for their use in the future.
The Notch pathway has been shown to act in both an oncogenic and a tumour-suppressive manner depending on its cellular context, and blocking or restoring the Notch pathway could offer a novel therapeutic target in patients with bladder cancer. In this Review, the authors describe what is known about Notch in cancer and discuss the role and potential of this signalling pathway in bladder cancer.
Male infertility is a multifactorial pathological condition, and its genetic landscape is highly complex. Here, Krausz and Riera-Escamilla describe our current understanding of the genetics of male infertility and the clinical implications of this knowledge.
In this Review, Lotti and Maggi discuss the correlations between sexual dysfunction and male infertility, focusing on the associations between reproductive, sexual, psychological, and general health.
Neuroendocrine prostate cancers (NEPCs) are androgen independent and aggressive and have characteristics of epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity and stem-like cell properties. This Review describes the link between lineage plasticity and an emergent NEPC phenotype and how this knowledge can aid in the development of novel therapeutics.
Genomic aberrations of thePTENtumour suppressor are among the most common in prostate cancer. In this Review, the authors describe the roles of PTEN, consider how PTEN status could act as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker, and discuss the potential of PTEN and its downstream pathways as a therapeutic target.
Lee and Gujar review the potential of virotherapy to increase the effectiveness of immunotherapies in prostate cancer. They discuss how oncolytic viruses can improve anticancer immunological responses and strategies for combining virotherapy with other immunotherapies to obtain improved patient outcomes.
Clinical conditions that cause poor bladder compliance, reduced capacity, and incontinence can require bladder augmentation or use of regenerative techniques and scaffolds. Replicating an organ that is under frequent mechanical loading and unloading needs particular attention to its biomechanical requirements. In this Review, the authors describe the biomechanics of the bladder and discuss how different scaffolds and techniques can be assessed to determine the best possible approach to bladder augmentation.
In this Review, Colaco et al. describe applications of 3D printing relevant to urology, which include the generation of inorganic models for surgical planning and education, the production of inorganic prostheses and devices, and 3D printing for bioengineering of organic structures.
Labiaplasty is attracting increasing attention in the media and in online forums. How to manage a request for this surgery is controversial, and the indications for and outcomes of labiaplasty have not yet been systematically assessed. In this Review, Özer and colleagues discuss our current knowledge of this surgery.
Compérat et al. review problematic aspects in the pathological assessment of urothelial tumours, evaluating unresolved questions in bladder cancer grading, staging, and tissue handling. They also discuss the incorporation of new molecular and genomic markers into the routine histological work-up.
