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In this Review, Bartenschlager and colleagues discuss howFlaviviridaeviruses rewire cellular pathways and co-opt organelles. They compare strategies employed by flaviviruses with those employed by hepaciviruses and discuss the importance of these virus–host interactions in the context of viral replication and antiviral therapies.
Nitrogen-transforming microorganisms shape global biogeochemical nutrient cycles. In this Review, Kuypers, Marchant and Kartal explore the vast diversity of these microorganisms and their enzymes, highlighting novel pathways, and discuss how nitrogen-transforming microorganisms form complex nitrogen-cycling networks in different environments.
Advances in synthetic biology allow the generation of ever more sophisticated engineered bacteria. In this Review, Riglar and Silver showcase recent highlights in engineered bacterial therapeutics and diagnostics and discuss how best to develop them for clinical application.
Rhizobia can exist as both free-living soil microbiota and plant-associated endosymbionts, which form N2-fixing root nodules. In this Review, Poole, Ramachandran and Terpolilli explore the drastic lifestyle shift that underlies this transition and the associated plant–bacteria interactions.
Bacteria and archaea have intracellular cytoskeletons built from dynamic protein filaments. In this Review, Wagstaff and Löwe discuss how these linear protein polymers are used to organize other molecules in prokaryotic cells.
Haldar and colleagues discuss markers and mechanisms of resistance to artemisinins and artemisinin-based combination therapies. They describe the identification ofPlasmodium falciparum Kelch 13 as the primary and, to date, sole causative marker of artemisinin resistance in P. falciparumand explore two proposed resistance mechanisms. They emphasize continuing challenges to improve detection strategies and new drug development strategies.
Our skin is home to millions of bacteria, fungi and viruses that comprise the skin microbiota. In this Review, Byrd and colleagues discuss recent insights into skin microbial communities, including their composition in health and disease, dynamics between species and interactions with the immune system.
The interplay between nutrient intake, gut microbial metabolism and microorganism-driven engagement of host receptors contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. In this Review, Brown and Hazen discuss the gut microbial mechanisms that drive cardiovascular disease, with special emphasis on therapeutic interventions.
