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This Review covers recent advances in our understanding of CD28 co-stimulation of T cells and discusses an emerging paradigm that positions CD28 as central to the success of current and future immunotherapeutic approaches to treating cancer.
Here, Raffatellu and co-workers discuss our growing understanding of how primary bile acids (which are cholesterol-derived molecules synthesized in the liver) and secondary bile acids (which are primary bile acids that have been microbially modified) shape immune responses in health and disease, with a particular focus on bile acids and intestinal immunity.
Age-associated defects in dendritic cells can be corrected by hyperactivating adjuvants containing an oxidized phospholipid to induce effective antitumour responses in mice.
In this Comment article, organizers of the International School of Immunotherapy (Immunoschool) reflect on the experience gained from the past ten years in using online technologies for global and inclusive immunology education.
This Review by Arnold and Munitz discusses the diverse roles of eosinophils in the settings of tissue homeostasis, infection, allergy and cancer. The authors explain the molecular mechanisms that enable eosinophils to adapt to diverse tissue types and conditions, and they consider the therapeutic potential of eosinophil-depleting drugs in the clinic.
In this Viewpoint, Nature Reviews Immunology invites eight experts in the field to share their thoughts on the key questions and challenges in MDSC research.
A preprint by Stevens et al. establishes a novel mechanism by which the gut micobiota provides protection against neonatal respiratory tract infection.
Here, the authors review the single-cell sequencing studies of rheumatic and allergic diseases, providing insight into disease pathogenesis, biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
An adoptive cellular therapy based on γδ T cells, which were engineered to secrete a tumour-targeting opsonin as well as an IL-15 superagonist, controlled tumour growth in a mouse model of patient-derived osteosarcoma.
A study by Nakayama et al. shows that heart failure causes epigenetic changes in haematopoietic stem cells that predispose to further heart disease and comorbidity.
Malaria remains a devastating human disease. Although malaria vaccines are available, their limited efficacy and protective duration are problematic. In this Review, the authors discuss how immunoregulatory networks that likely develop to prevent disease during malaria may also impede prevention and control measures.
This Comment discusses the potential effects of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) on the immune system independently of obesity, by which UPFs might dysregulate the balance between the gut microbiota and immune cells.
Recent clinical studies show that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, best known for treating B cell malignancies, can be used to treat patients with various B cell-driven autoimmune diseases. Here, the authors update us with the progress so far and the considerations for further improving and extending their therapeutic application.
This Review provides a guide to the memory cells of the adaptive immune system, comprising memory T cells, memory B cells and plasma cells; it covers their formation, function, heterogeneity, localization, regulation and maintenance, and the crucial technological advances that allowed their discovery.
