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Video capsule endoscopy has revolutionized the diagnostic work-up in the field of small bowel diseases and could be applied to screening the entire gastrointestinal tract. This Review focuses on computational methods that can be implemented in software to enhance video capsule endoscopy procedures in terms of time efficiency and diagnostic performance.
Chronic abdominal pain is common in children, but poorly understood. This Review summarizes the mechanisms and management of childhood functional abdominal pain in a bid to improve understanding and quality of care. The article provides up-to-date information on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapeutic management of this common childhood condition.
Diet is one of the main behavioural factors manipulated by patients with IBD, but dietary advice has only a minor part in current treatment guidelines. Here, Halmos and Gibson describe a step-wise approach to the dietary management of IBD, detailing dietary and nutritional assessments and how diet can potentially influence disease activity, symptoms and disease prevention.
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) leads to progressive cholestasis, biliary fibrosis and cirrhosis and characteristic symptoms with a marked effect on quality of life. Evolution in our understanding of disease mechanisms in PBC is rapidly leading to the advent of new and re-purposed therapeutic agents targeting key processes. This Review provides a current perspective on potential approaches to PBC treatment, and highlights the challenges faced in evaluating and implementing those treatments.
This Review provides an in-depth and up-to-date overview of the major achievements in the evolving field of gut rehabilitation, with special emphasis on visceral transplantation. New insights into current challenges are highlighted, including future strategies to optimize the management of gut failure and enhance the long-term therapeutic efficacy of transplantation.
For patients to take part in detection programmes and therefore reduce premature mortality due to cancer, it is vital for hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes to be identified early. Implementation of high-throughput techniques and genetic profiling of all new cases of colorectal cancer has improved early identification of affected families. As cancer risk and surveillance recommendations vary depending on gene defect, this Review argues that it is advantageous to include the gene defect in disease terminology to help facilitate the appropriate clinical management.
Stress-related mucosal bleeding (SRMD) is an important issue owing to its severity, and its management in critically ill patients is especially difficult. In this Review, the latest information on the epidemiology, risk factors and management of SRMD are outlined to help guide clinicians of the most appropriate treatment strategies for patients in intensive care units.
