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The prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide. Despite the use of aggressive treatments, the survival of patients with HCC is affected by tumor recurrence and the development of extrahepatic metastases. This Review discusses the available evidence for specific multimodal approaches in the treatment of HCC. Future directions of combinatory treatment approaches are also discussed.
Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is often seen in patients with portal hypertension, and can lead to transfusion-dependent anemia as well as acute, life-threatening bleeding episodes. This Review article discusses the available knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PHG that provide reasonable grounds for the treatment of this condition, ultimately translating basic research into clinical practice.
To practice evidence-based medicine, clinicians need to apply the findings of scientific research to the circumstances of individual patients as part of the process of clinical decision-making. This Review article presents a 10-step guide to the critical appraisal of research literature to assist clinicians with the task of identifying the most relevant, high-quality studies available to guide their practice.
This Review article outlines the evolution of non-surgical treatment for colorectal cancer, in particular chemotherapy, its integration with radiotherapy, and the evolving use of biologic therapies. The authors also discuss new advances in patient selection for specific anti-cancer agents and regimens.
A considerable proportion of patients with Crohn's disease are affected by the formation of fistulas, and appropriate fistula treatment requires knowledge of the available medical therapies. This Review discusses the pharmacological and surgical approaches available for the treatment of fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease, including novel therapeutic approaches. Discussion of the epidemiology and pathology of fistulizing Crohn's disease is also provided.
