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This Review discusses the current understanding of the concept of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), the challenges in defining MHO and how the MHO concept can be used to improve the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
The gut microbiota has been implicated in the increasing prevalence of thyroid disorders, including autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid cancers, through its effects on gut integrity, immune regulation and thyroid hormone metabolism, as outlined in this article.
Despite the mounting evidence supporting the use of intermittent fasting as a safe and effective weight loss intervention, many myths about fasting persist in popular culture. Here, we review some common beliefs about intermittent fasting that are not supported by scientific evidence.
Many studies identified an increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) during the COVID-19 pandemic, but other reports do not support this association. This Review addresses the issue of the involvement of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the development of T1DM using evidence from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies.
The recent Consensus Statement on the diagnosis and management of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas (prolactinomas) drew attention to molecular pathogenetic mechanisms. We comment that somatic screening for SF3B1 hotspot variants in select cases might alert to aggressive tumour behaviour and prompt the timely management and intense follow up of these challenging tumours.
Circulating non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules are being investigated as biomarkers of endocrine tumours of the pituitary, parathyroid, pancreas and adrenal glands. This Review outlines ncRNA biology, before discussing research findings on ncRNAs in endocrine tumours and their potential utility as biomarkers, ending with an outlook for future studies.
This Review summarizes the evidence regarding the actions of gut hormones on bone homeostasis and physiology. The potential implications for the development of future therapeutics to treat bone fragility are considered.
Patients with acromegaly are commonly affected by diabetes mellitus, which occurs as a complication of growth hormone hypersecretion. This Review discusses the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus in acromegaly and explores management options in these patients.
Anti-obesity medications based on incretin hormones have advanced weight control and metabolic health in individuals with obesity. The long-term success of obesity therapeutics could be facilitated by exercise, a vital metabolic ally in enhancing treatment efficacy.
Current guidelines for the delay and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus recommend for people with prediabetes to lose at least 7% of their body weight. Here, we advocate to use glycaemic remission as a goal of prevention in people with prediabetes and those who are at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are well known as mediators of the antiviral response but there is growing appreciation of their role in metabolism. This Review discusses the current understanding of IRFs as metabolic regulators, with a particular focus on IRF3 and IRF4.
This Review discusses the role of AMPK in cancer cachexia and metabolic dysfunction, including discussion of how targeting AMPK might be an option to preserve muscle and adipose tissue mass.
The introduction of teprotumumab for the treatment of thyroid eye disease has dramatically improved management of this life-changing condition; however, clinical trials and experience in the clinic have revealed associated hearing abnormalities.