Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
Dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6, regulators of the cell cycle, favours the growth and survival of several cancer types. Owing to this, CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors were developed and are currently approved for the treatment of advanced hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. This Review describes how we are only now beginning to fully understand their mechanisms of action and provides a new framework for conceptualizing their activity, which might enable expansion of the clinical opportunities of these agents.
This Review discusses mechanisms by which tumour ecosystems adapt to therapeutic stresses and how these could be exploited, as well as challenges associated with tumour heterogeneity. It provides an integrative framework to identify and target vulnerabilities that arise from adaptive responses to overcome cancer therapy resistance.
This Review discusses how senescence can be induced in cancer cells and how distinctive features of senescent cancer cells might be exploited for their selective eradication as a potential cancer therapy.
This Review examines recent developments in proteogenomics, key findings from the proteogenomic analyses of a wide range of cancers and emerging applications of proteogenomics to translational studies and immuno-oncology, as well as discussing future prospects regarding integration into clinical trials and patient care.
The advent of CRISPR technologies has enabled programmable nucleic acid editing in mammalian cells. In this Review, Katti et al. outline the enormous progress that has been made in the application of CRISPR tools to the study of cancer and also describe the potential use of CRISPR systems in clinical cancer management including diagnosis and treatment.
This Review discusses the mechanisms underlying the immune response to melanomas, as well as the mechanisms of response and resistance of these tumours to immunotherapies. The lessons learned in melanoma may apply to other tumour types.
This Review discusses the complex biology of the family of kallikrein-related peptidases and their context-dependent functions in cancer and the tumour microenvironment, as well as their role in tumour immune suppression and resistance to cancer therapy.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules derived from oxygen during cellular metabolism, which regulate various cell phenotypes. In this Review, Cheung and Vousden outline how pathways controlling ROS production and limitation can contribute to tumorigenesis and how the complexities in the responses of both cancer cells and stromal components to ROS might determine the success or failure of ROS modulating therapies.
Our understanding of ependymomas, which are rare tumours of the central nervous system, has increased substantially over the past 10 years. This Review discusses important biological features of ependymoma as well as key oncogenes, tumour suppressors and epigenetic changes that could potentially be exploited to improve therapy.
This Review discusses carcinogens in smokeless tobacco products and cigarette smoke and biomarkers that may be able to identify those individuals at highest risk of tobacco-related cancers. It also discusses regulation of the levels of carcinogens and nicotine in these products as approaches to cancer prevention.
