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Cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) has potential for tumour suppression yet off-target effects limit potential applications. Here the authors report on the delivery of IL-12 mRNA encapsulated in extracellular vesicles to lungs via inhalation and demonstrate the immunotherapeutic potential of targeted cytokine mRNA therapy.
High-density transparent microelectrode arrays with platinum-nanoparticle deposited and interlayer-doped double-layer graphene enable multimodal optical and electrical recordings with high spatiotemporal resolution to decode neural dynamics at different cortical layers from surface potentials.
A metasurface-based approach is used to implement computationally expensive digital convolution operations in high-speed, low-power optics for improving the latency and power consumption of machine vision systems.
By preadsorption of water molecules on a material surface, a controllable ångström-scale van der Waals (vdW) gap is created, which can be applied to other vdW material systems with controllable gaps.
Nanofibre lung injury has previously been linked to the leakage of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in frustrated phagocytosis. Here the authors use a nanosensor to demonstrate, map and track the generation of reactive species during the frustrated phagocytosis of model glass nanofibres.
Here, 3D nanofabrication and elasticity programming of monolithic soft microrobots equipped with magnetic springs with strain response at piconewton forces capable of deformation on micrometre length scales is demonstrated for applications in cell force sensing, cell manipulation and soft actuation.
An atomically thin indium tin oxide film in the form of a quantum well exhibits a χ2 of ~1,800 pm V–1. Theoretical calculations point to an asymmetric electronic interband transition resonance as the reason for this large χ2 value.
Insulin injections are not ideal and have an increased risk of hypoglycaemia. A preferable oral formulation based on silver sulfide quantum dots coated with a chitosan/glucose polymer is discussed, which has controlled insulin release and reduced risk of hypoglycaemia, and demonstrates applications in rodent and non-human primate models.
Nanoparticle clearance is critical for safety and therapeutic applicability. Here the authors report the modulatory role of microglial extracellular vesicles on the brain clearance of organic and inorganic nanoparticles and provide a strategy to control their intracerebral fate.
Fluorinated elastomers as photoresists in the fabrication of soft neural probes are used to enhance the spatiotemporal recording capability at single-neuron resolution within the central nervous system of rodents.
Using hydrogel nanovials to capture single mesenchymal stromal cells and their growth factor secretions, the authors link cell secretion to the transcriptome for thousands of cells, SEC-seq, enabling the study of secretion-associated cell states and mechanisms in therapeutic cell types.
The interference between two frequency-degenerate upconversion processes enables a metasurface-based, all-optical routing by controlling the phase delay between pump beams.
The level of immune response in cancer vaccines can limit application. Here, an immune mobilization strategy, using bacteria-derived nanovesicles, enhances therapeutic outcomes of tumour vaccination by stimulating interleukin-1β secretion to elicit trained immunity with lineage shifts and epigenetic changes in myeloid progenitor pools.
High-energy interlayer excitons in van der Waals semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides lie far above the bandgap and emit in the ultraviolet range.
Resonant laser excitation is used to control the charge states of colour centre clusters in diamond with sub-diffraction resolution. These states are long-lived and can be read out non-destructively with low energy consumption.
Ion–ion interactions are crucial to the functioning of biological and artificial ion channels. Here the authors reveal that hydrated alkali metal ions can form one-dimensional closely packed chain structures at charged surfaces to facilitate ion transport.
Combined theoretical and experimental efforts provide systematic insights into the origin of self-switchable conductivity in layered semiconductor ferroelectrics. These mechanistic findings may enable advanced logic-in-memory devices.
Native-nanoBleach, a single-molecule imaging technique with a spatial resolution of ~10 nm, quantifies the oligomeric distribution of membrane proteins directly from native membranes at endogenous expression levels with their proximal native membrane environment using amphipathic copolymer nanodiscs.
Mechanistic origins of force stability and bond kinetics of interaction of the receptor-binding domain from the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a key selection factor for mutations, are revealed at the single-molecule resolution using magnetic tweezers and molecular dynamics simulations.
The development of a tandem catalyst, consisting of two distinct nanoscale-engineered layers, enables efficient multicarbon production with high CO2 utilization in an acidic CO2 electroreduction environment.