Volume 7 Issue 7, July 2022

Enteric Salmonella not only activates the ILC3–IL-22 axis upon infection to provide a competitive advantage over resident microbiota but also invades ILC3s and induces inflammatory cell death, thus limiting infection.

Well-replicated, ecologically realistic, long-term field experiments were conducted to test the effects of warming on soil microbial diversity. Warming significantly reduced the biodiversity of soil bacteria, fungi and protists by altering environmental selections and biotic interactions, potentially disrupting the functional processes of the soil ecosystem.

Studying the ocean microbiome can inform international policies related to ocean governance, tackling climate change, ocean acidification and pollution, and can help promote achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals.

The closed chromosome of an Asgard archaeon, Candidatus Odinarchaeum yellowstonii LCB_4, revealed CRISPR spacers, which were used to identify archaeal viruses.

Viral genomes that infected two Asgard archaeal phyla recovered from deep-sea hydrothermal sediment metagenomes reveal that these viruses have characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses.

Analysis of CRISPR spacers in Asgardarchaeota metagenomes reveals three family-level groups of viruses associated with these microbial eukaryotes.

Analysis of the humoral and cellular immune response to the BBV152/Covaxin inactivated vaccine reveals that it induces a robust SARS-CoV-2-specific immune memory that persists for at least 6 months and shows somewhat reduced efficiency against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

The pathways responsible for inositol lipid production in human gut Bacteroides are characterized and these lipids are important for capsule expression and antimicrobial peptide resistance in vitro and colonization in vivo.

Mechanisms of growth promotion of Bacillus subtilis on melon seeds are identified using a combination of multi-omics and microscopy.

Combining conjugation and structural analyses, the authors show that TraN-OMP pairings determine bacterial conjugation species specificity, with implications in resistance plasmid distribution within Enterobacteriaceae.

The DarTG toxin-antitoxin system protects bacteria against phage infection via ADP-ribosylation of the viral DNA, and this can be evaded by phages via mutation of their DNA polymerase or the gp61.2 anti-DarT factor.

A single viral protein with anti-apoptotic and immunosuppressive roles is crucial for efficient replication of human cytomegalovirus.

Soil microbes control the cycling of carbon, but how these communities will respond to climate changes is unknown. Here, 7 years of artificial warming decreased microbial richness and diversity, driven mostly by soil moisture loss.

A broad-range human antibody with neutralizing activity against various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, targets a unique epitope within the highly conserved S2’ site and the fusion peptide of the spike protein that is exposed during interaction with the host cell. The pan-coronavirus antibody protects mice against infection with SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 following prophylactic and therapeutic treatment.

Analysis of a large set of marine vibrios and their phages identifies mechanisms of phage–host coevolution.

Salmonella promotes IL-22 production in group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) to promote infection, and invades ILC3s causing caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis, which control bacterial replication.