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Stockpiled A(H5N1) influenza vaccines made using viruses from the mid-2000s stimulate antibodies that cross-react with current strains, despite being separated by 20 years of viral evolution — supporting investment in vaccine stockpiling for pandemic preparedness.
We developed ehrapy, an open-source Python software framework for the exploratory analysis of electronic health record data. Ehrapy handles various widely used data formats, preprocessing tasks such as imputation of missing data and bias detection, and offers tools for analyses including patient stratification, survival analysis, causal inference and trajectory inference.
Trained on a medical knowledge graph, a foundation model is used to rank drugs as potential indications and contraindications across 17,080 diseases, identifying therapeutic candidates in a zero-shot framework even for diseases with limited treatment options or no existing drugs and outperforming existing models by a large margin.
An analysis of longitudinal data reveals disparities in healthy working life expectancy across Chinese populations depending on various socioeconomic and demographic factors. These findings can inform inclusive strategies for extending healthy working lives for different people.
A national prospective study of patients requiring hospitalization for COVID-19 demonstrates global cognitive deficits at one-year, associated with elevated brain injury markers and reduced grey matter volume.
As medical AI development gathers momentum, a new study reveals that much work still needs to be done before the public will willingly embrace AI-based technologies in healthcare.
Prespecified exploratory genomic and transcriptomic profiling of tumor tissues and circulating tumor DNA from patients with BRAF-V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer who participated in the phase 3 BEACON CRC trial identifies biomarkers of response and mechanisms of acquired resistance to treatment with the BRAF inhibitor encorafenib plus the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab, with or without the MEK inhibitor binimetinib.
Identifying a complex panel of bias dimensions to be evaluated, a framework is proposed to assess how prone large language models are to biased reasoning, with possible consequences on equity-related harms, and is applied to a large-scale and diverse user survey on Med-PaLM 2.
A single-cell ex vivo screening of repurposable drugs in glioblastoma and machine learning of drug–target networks show that anti-tumor neuroactive drugs converge on the AP-1/BTG pathway, based on which prediction models and experimental in vivo and in silico validation identify the anti-depressant vortioxetine as a potential therapeutic agent.
A combination of cross-sectional study and lifestyle intervention program uncovered altered lipid profiles in children and adolescents with obesity and demonstrated that a personalized obesity management program can restore a healthy lipid profile.
Plozasiran reduced triglyceride levels by 80% and lowered the risk of pancreatitis in patients with persistent chylomicronemia, with or without a genetic diagnosis.
For individuals with pacemakers, a care pathway that includes echocardiographic screening to detect signs of heart failure did not improve cardiac outcomes, but patients flagged as having impaired heart function who were managed by a specialized heart failure clinic benefited, as compared to those managed by primary care physicians.
Studies in China show how large language models can improve primary healthcare systems, but equitably scaling this technology will require attention to rural, low-resource settings and the companion policies that support its implementation.
The ETER701 trial demonstrates that a four-drug regimen, involving the addition of anti-angiogenesis therapy to immuno-chemotherapy, improves survival outcomes for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer — but is more indeed better when it comes to treating this intractable disease?
Genomic and epidemiologic analyses revealed that a novel reassortant viral lineage of the Oropouche virus, which has been circulating in the western Amazon region of Brazil for about a decade, is associated with the recent human outbreaks between 2022 and 2024.
As drastically rising global temperatures threaten the health and wellbeing of populations, solutions that drive policy action must be based on scientific evidence of which strategies work in different scenarios.
Extreme heat events are expected to become more frequent because of climate change. Our analysis of almost 140,000 births across 16 hospitals in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa indicates 34% higher odds of perinatal mortality (stillbirth or death up to 24 hours after birth) if extreme heat occurred in the week preceding childbirth.
Trained on a cohort of 45,064 cases and validated on data acquired from mobile computed tomography scanners deployed in rural China, a lung cancer screening deep learning model is shown to outperform existing lung cancer risk scores.