Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
Although mutant H3K27M histones inhibit PRC2 in diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, these tumors exhibit significant amounts of PRC2 activity. The repression of several genes, including INK4A, by residual EZH2 activity is required for tumor growth, and EZH2 inhibitors therefore represent potential therapies for these patients.
Risk variants of APOL1 associated with human chronic kidney disease have been identified, but causality has been unclear. Transgenic expression in mice now shows that such alleles can indeed cause renal disease.
Transcriptomic and metabolic profiling reveals that the creatine kinase pathway is essential for growth of acute myeloid leukemias expressing the transcription factor EVI1.
In vivo screening of pro-metastatic factors in a genetically engineered mouse model of lung cancer uncovered the CD109–JAK–STAT3 axis as a key contributor of metastatic dissemination of lung cancer cells. Activation of this pathway predicts poor outcome in patients with cancer, and its pharmacological inhibition dramatically reduces the metastatic ability of tumor cells, suggesting that it might be an effective intervention in patients.
Carlo Ferrari and colleagues reveal that hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific CD8 T cells from individuals with chronic HBV infections have extensive mitochondrial dysfunction that contributes to impaired antiviral activity but can be targeted with antioxidants.
Xin Lin and colleagues report that JNK1 negatively regulates immune responses against Candida albicans infection by inhibiting CD23 expression and subsequent nitric oxide production, which mediate antifungal resistance in JNK1-deficient mice.
Whole-genome shotgun sequencing and sequencing of the gene encoding the 16S rRNA in samples from a variety of body sites in a large cohort of mothers and their infants reveals that, during the 6 weeks after birth, changes in the composition and function of the microbiome are driven by body site but not by the mode of delivery.
Differential expression of inflammasome gene modules and inflammasome-activating metabolites correlates with interleukin-1β expression, hypertension, arterial stiffness and longevity in older individuals.
μ opioid receptors (MORs) expressed on primary afferent nociceptor neurons are responsible for two maladaptive side-effects of chronic opioid use: opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (pain). A combination therapy of opioid receptor agonism plus peripheral-restricted MOR antagonism abrogates these side-effects while preserving opioid analgesia in rodent models of peri-operative and chronic pain.
Florian Klein and colleagues report that treating viremic HIV-1-infected individuals with the broadly neutralizing antibody 10-1074 reduced virus levels in blood, but antibody-resistant virus did emerge.
Loss of the metalloproteinase Adamts1 leads to aortic pathology in mice due to increased NOS2-dependent NO production. Decreased Adamts1 expression, associated with increased NOS2 expression, occurs in Marfan syndrome (MFS) mice and in MFS patients, and NOS2 inhibition prevents and reverses aortic pathology in MFS mice.