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Malaria remains a disease of global importance, and a fully protective vaccine is elusive. In this Focus Review, Cockburn and Seder describe how insights into the biology of malaria biology may lead to the design of an effective vaccine.
Screaton and colleagues discuss the role of the adaptive immune response against flaviviruses in protection and pathogenesis, with emphasis on cross-reactive T cell and antibody responses.
Sok and Burton highlight recent developments in the discovery and application of antibodies able to neutralize diverse isolates of HIV, known as ‘broadly neutralizing antibodies’.
Song and Colonna provide an overview of the common microglial response to neurodegeneration and discuss insights from mouse models and the study of human disease-associated genes.
He and Wang review the immunological functions of RIP kinases in inflammatory responses to microbial infection and tissue injury, as well as their potential roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease and aging.
The immunoproteasome and thymoproteasome are specialized proteasomes operating within the immune system. In this Review, Murata et al. recount the discovery of the immunoproteasome and thymoproteasome and delve into their function, context in evolution and relation to human disease.
Romagnani and colleagues discuss the specific recognition of viral antigens and peptides by NK cells and its implications for the composition of the NK cell repertoire and the selection of viral variants.
The thymus has a critical role in the establishment of appropriately educated and self-tolerant T cells. In their Focus Review, Cheng and Anderson discuss the most recent insights into how the thymus establishes self-tolerance.
Treg cells have a critical role in maintaining peripheral tolerance. In this Focus Review, Dominguez-Villar and Hafler describe how the instability and plasticity of Treg cells can contribute to the breakdown of tolerance and lead to autoimmune disease.
Autoimmune disease has been the subject of intense genetic study. In this Focus Review, Todd and colleagues describe recent advances and approaches in the genetic analysis of autoimmune disease.
The rates of autoimmune disease are rising more rapidly than can be explained by changes in genetics. In this Focus Review, Verdu and Danska describe the dietary and microbial influences on type 1 diabetes and draw comparisons with celiac disease.
In this Focus Review, Bar-Or and colleagues discuss the latest evidence that B cells play an important antibody-independent role in multiple sclerosis and the prospects this holds for therapeutic intervention.
Tissue-resident memory T cells provide immunological protection in peripheral tissues. Amsen et al. discuss the role of these cells in the context of anti-tumor immunity.
Primary liver cancer, of which hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common form, is the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Heikenwalder and colleagues review the important inflammatory component underlying hepatocellular carcinoma and consider potential directions for therapy.
Turner and Díaz-Muñoz discuss the molecular mechanisms by which RNA-binding proteins modulate the diversity of the transcriptome and proteome in immune cells.
Gabrilovich and colleagues review the origin and nature of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as their distinctive features and biological roles in cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmunity, obesity and pregnancy.
