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Particulate organic carbon oxidation in rivers is regulated by both transit time and mineral protection, according to modelling and analysis of organic matter transported nearly 1,300 km through a lowland river.
Warming-enhanced microbial respiration can explain marine anoxia patterns across depth, a key driver of the end-Permian mass extinction, according to biogeochemical modelling and geochemical proxy records.
Climate change warms extreme hot days over tropical land more strongly than the mean temperature as hot days are dry, according to a new theory and analysis of global climate models.
The oxygenation of Earth may have been delayed due to high late Archaean extraterrestrial impact rates, which acted as a fluctuating sink of atmospheric oxygen, according to a reassessment of past impactor fluxes and atmospheric chemistry modelling.
Anthropogenic climate change is impacting the temperature and ice cover of lakes across the globe, according to an attribution analysis based on hindcasts and projections from lake models.
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are responsible for the observed decrease in subseasonal temperature variability in the northern extratropics, according to an attribution analysis using a large ensemble of climate model simulations.
The effusive or explosive nature of a volcanic eruption may be determined by the crystallinity, water content and presence of exsolved volatiles in subvolcanic chambers, according to analysis of the pre-eruptive storage conditions of global volcanoes.
Southern Ocean deep convection governs the magnitude of long-term warming in response to greenhouse gases, according to an analysis of Earth system models.
Faster sinking rates can enhance bacterial degradation of organic particles in the ocean due to flow-induced removal of waste products, according to laboratory experiments and modelling of the marine carbon pump.
Carbon fluxes in the central Himalaya did not change after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake and its accompanying landslides, according to observations of riverine sediment and carbon fluxes over four monsoon seasons spanning the event.
A mid-Holocene expansion of coastal sea ice led to phytoplankton blooms’ becoming less frequent off East Antarctica, according to a suite of annually resolved physical and geochemical analyses performed on a marine sediment core.
Coastal west Greenland ice caps fluctuated strongly compared to the interior in response to rapid Common Era changes in snow accumulation, according to modelling of proxy records developed from a Nuussuaq Peninsula ice core covering the last 2,000 years.
The Philippine Sea/Pacific boundary megathrust is another possible source of seismic hazard in the Tokyo Region and tsunamis in the Pacific, according to an assessment of 1,000 years of tsunami deposits along the Japanese coastline.
The release of carbon dioxide during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks acts as a positive feedback to warming, according to 2.5 years of CO2 flux measurements from the Draix-Bléone Critical Zone Observatory, France.
Cold ENSO states can lead to the simultaneous occurrence of megadroughts in southwestern North and South America, according to a hydroclimate reconstruction of the last thousand years assimilating palaeoclimate records with climate model constraints.
An ~5 km³ volcanic edifice offshore Mayotte formed between May 2018 and May 2019 by rapid magma intrusion through the entire lithosphere, according to an analysis of marine observations and geophysical data.
The zonal wave 3 circulation pattern in the Southern Hemisphere is driven by tropical convection, according to results from an atmospheric general circulation model.
Antarctic ozone-hole recovery has caused significant changes in Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation, according to atmospheric reanalysis and global climate modelling.