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Reactive species of oxygen promote the development of hepatic steatosis. Here, Kim et al. demonstrate that palmitate stimulates macrophage infiltration and increases oxidative stress during steatosis by binding to the TLR4–MD2 complex, which results in the activation of NOX2.
Hundreds of mRNA binding proteins (mRBPs) have been described in mammalian cells. Here, the authors identify RBPs differentially regulated in melanoma, and show the RBP CELF1 controlling a distinct set of protumorigenic factors.
Glutamine metabolism is well known to support tumour growth. Here the authors show that cancer cells also utilize glutamine to promote invasiveness by converting it to glutamate, which upon secretion activates metabotropic glutamate receptors to stimulate matrix metalloproteases recycling to the cell surface.
In fish, water motion is detected by mechanosensitive hair cells located in the lateral line. Here the authors show that the molecular machinery for mechanotransduction, including transmembrane channel-like 2b (Tmc2b), varies depending on both hair cell location and hair bundle orientation.
Prioritising areas for conservation is hindered by disagreements over ecological targets. Here, Armsworth et al. combine a simulation approach and case study to test if considering economic return on investment aids in prioritisation, and find that its impact on reaching agreements varies greatly.
Intravenous illicit drug use (IDU) and hepatitis C infection (HCV) often occur among HIV-infected individuals. Here, the authors report an epigenome-wide association analysis of IDU and HCV in HIV-infected individuals, finding that their associated methylation signatures inform HIV frailty.
Plants may respond to light competition by growing upwards, via physiological changes that maximise performance under low light, or by growing laterally. Here Gruntman et al. show that the light-competition scenario determines the strategy employed by the clonal plant Potentilla reptans.
The Lpp lipoproteins of staphylococci trigger a TLR2-dependent immune response. Here, the authors show that commensal species (S. aureus, S. epidermidis) induce a less-intense TLR2 response than non-commensal species (S. carnosus) due to differential modification of the Lpp lipid moieties.
Proteins associate via weak and transient interactions that are challenging to identify in vivo. Here, the authors use a genetically encoded chemical cross-linker to covalently lock interacting proteins in live cells, allowing them to identify the captured proteins by mass spectrometry.
Pathologies related to protein:protein interaction are hard to treat but cystine-dense peptides have the potential to disrupt such interactions. Here the authors develop a high-diversity mammalian cell screen for cystine-dense peptides with drug potential and use it to identify a YAP:TEAD inhibitor.
The histone chaperone nucleoplasmin (Npm) stores histones H2A/H2B in the egg and embryo. Here, the authors use NMR to show that Npm’s intrinsically disordered tail domain controls histone binding at an acidic stretch, which is autoregulated through direct competition with its basic C-terminus.
Efficient coupling of an electromagnetic wave to a thin conductor relies on the sheet conductance of the given material. Here, the authors demonstrate that engineering the monolayer graphene sheet resistance enables electrical or chemical tuning from the transmission to the absorption regime up to THz frequencies.
Anionic redox chemistry has enabled the design of high-capacity battery cathodes for energy storage. Here, the authors demonstrate reversible anionic redox in an archetypical lithium-rich oxide via bulk-sensitive spectroscopies, further revealing its crucial role in practically important properties.
Climate oscillations affect weather on different temporal-spatial scales, which poses difficulty in understanding how they influence tree reproduction. Here Ascoli et al. show relationships between low- and high-frequency components of the NAO and masting in two European tree species across multiple decades.
G-protein-coupled receptors are a large and diverse group of eukaryotic membrane receptors. Here the authors couple GPCRs to dCas9 to link extracellular sensing to genome regulation.
FORCE training is a . Here the authors implement FORCE training in models of spiking neuronal networks and demonstrate that these networks can be trained to exhibit different dynamic behaviours.
Complex networks are a useful tool to investigate the structure of cities and their street networks. Here the authors investigate the shape of travel routes in 92 cities and define a metric called inness which reveals connections between common urban features in cities with similar inness profiles.
Inflammasomes are protein complexes induced by pathogens for the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in immune cells. Here the authors show, using a new mouse model, that aberrant NLRC4 and ASC-dependent inflammasome activation in neutrophils contributes to systemic inflammation.
The dopamine transporter (DAT), a regulator of dopamine homeostasis in the brain, and sigma-1 receptor (σ1R), an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, are both implicated in drug addiction. In this work, the authors investigate how σ1R modulates DAT response to methamphetamine.
Using scanning tunnelling microscopes to manipulate atomic quantum dots at surfaces enables the creation of devices using inter-dot interactions. Here the authors demonstrate the design and operation of nanoscale ON/OFF switches by arranging four silicon dangling bonds.