Articles in 2015

Advances in low-light-level imaging techniques have shown that imaging in the one photon per pixel regime is possible. Here, Morris et al. demonstrate high-quality image reconstruction using ghost and heralded imaging with less than one photon per image pixel with a time-gated intensified camera.

In nonlinear optical systems, self-localized bistable packets of light exist as controllable intensity pulses in the longitudinal or transverse dimension. Here, Garbin et al. experimentally demonstrate the existence of localized longitudinal states existing in the phase of laser light.

Compounds such as acetate and pyruvate are useful probes for MRI, but their hyperpolarization relies on difficult and expensive dynamic nuclear polarization techniques. Here, the authors show how parahydrogen-induced polarization can be used to quickly and inexpensively hyperpolarize these compounds.

As hypoxia is a hallmark of tumour microenvironment, hypoxia-sensing probes are used for tumour imaging. Here, the authors report a hypoxia probe with increased sensitivity, water solubility and functional pH range, allowing in vivodetection of early metastases as small as a few thousand cells.

Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been proposed as essential cellular receptors for rotaviruses, which can cause severe diarrhoea in children. Here, the authors show that rotavirus strains display important variations in their ability to recognize different HBGAs.

Distribution of Wnt morphogens in tissues is often graded, but it is unclear how these secreted factors move to form concentration gradients. Here, the authors show that Wnt8a is transported on actin-based filopodia, known also as cytonemes, that contact the signal-receiving cells during zebrafish gastrulation.

Processing of interleukin RNAs must be tightly controlled during the immune response. Here, the authors identify TDP-43 as a scaffold protein for the formation of a nuclear body that is important for interleukin RNA processing and stability.

Shaping the incident wavefront allows optical focusing deep inside scattering media, but its application in dynamic media is hindered by its low speed. Here, Liu et al. improve the speed by two orders of magnitude and demonstrate in vivolight focusing inside dynamic scattering media.

Cells respond to DNA damage by activating cell cycle checkpoints. Here, the authors show that the F-box protein cyclin F suppresses the B-Myb/cyclin A pathway to ensure a DNA damage-induced checkpoint response in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

The nuclear protein TDP-43 is implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Here, Cohen et al. discover lysine acetylation as a modification that regulates TDP-43 function, providing a mechanism that could be implicated in the pathogenesis of TDP-43 proteinopathies.

Nanostructured metallic materials involve a high rate sensitivity usually resulting from grain boundary related mechanisms. Here, the authors report mechanical tests on freestanding Pd thin films and show that creep is associated with dislocations rather than grain boundaries.

Directive and scannable radiation patterns beyond the microwave region are desirable but leaky-wave antennas in the terahertz and optical range are unavailable. Here, Memarian and Eleftheriades demonstrate continuously scanned leaky-wave radiation from the interface of a photonic crystal with a Dirac-type dispersion.

In plants, ascorbate is synthesized in the mitochondria yet plays essential roles as an antioxidant in the chloroplast. Here, Miyaji et al.show that AtPHT4;4 is a chloroplast envelope ascorbate transporter and suggest it is required for dissipation of excess energy under light stress.