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By screening 85 deubiquitylation enzymes, Zhang and colleagues identify OTUD3 as an enzyme that upregulates PTEN levels by deubiquitylation and acts as a tumour suppressor in synergy with another PTEN DUB, USP13.
By analysing inducible knockout mice, Scherer and colleagues report that the adipogenic transcription factor C/EBPα is dispensable for white adipogenesis in mouse embryos, but not in adults.
Gil and colleagues report that mTOR affects the tumour-related effects of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), by inhibiting the translation of the MAPKAPK2 kinase and thereby preventing the ZFP36L1-mediated SASP mRNA decay.
Watanabe and colleagues demonstrate that the spindle assembly checkpoint protein Mad1 promotes gliding of misaligned chromosomes towards the cell equator, through an interaction with Cut7, a kinesin-5 motor.
Using light- and electron microscopy, Khodjakov, Mogilner and colleagues find that the shape of the kinetochore undergoes dramatic changes during mitosis. Computational analysis suggests that this facilitates correct chromosome attachment.
Patel et al. report that Drosophila intestinal stem cell tumours are generated by stress- and EGFR-signalling, followed by extrusion of neighbouring enterocytes, enterocytic cytokine expression and paracrine signalling for tumour growth.
Lu and colleagues find that in response to ionizing radiation, DNA-PK phosphorylates fumarase breaks for local generation of fumarate, which in turn enhances DNA-PK recruitment by inhibiting histone H3 demethylation.
Cowan and colleagues report a method to generate mature endothelial or vascular smooth muscle cells from human pluripotent stem cells with high efficiency and purity.
Lopez-Otin and colleagues report that NF-κB signalling hyperactivation in progeria syndrome fibroblasts inhibits their reprogramming into iPS cells. Blockade of this pathway or the downstream factor DOTL1 rescues senescence-related phenotypes.
Romagnolo and colleagues report that Atg7 deficiency has a tumour-suppressive role in the intestinal epithelium, by inducing a microbiome-influenced immune response and inhibiting tumour growth through p53- and AMPK-related mechanisms.
Forbes and colleagues report on a population of hepatic progenitor cells that regenerate the adult liver in a mouse model where more than 98% of all hepatocytes are irreversibly damaged.
Noguchi and colleagues report the generation of stomach-like tissue from mouse embryonic stem cells. They show that the tissue contains all stomach-specific cell types and secretes acid and digestive enzyme.
Hanafusa and Matsumato and colleagues find that LRRK1 is a substrate for PLK1 in mitosis. Phosphorylated LRRK1 in turn phosphorylates CDK5RAP2 to promote centrosomal microtubule nucleation and correct spindle orientation.
Leone and colleagues find that in intestinal crypt cells, Myc and E2F transcription factors control the transition into the G2 phase of the cell cycle, but in the absence of Rb, Myc and E2f3a drive S phase entry and ectopic proliferation in vivo.
Campisi and colleagues show that the MTOR inhibitor rapamycin blocks the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) by inhibiting translation of IL1A, which prevents senescent fibroblasts from promoting tumour growth.
Through single-molecule analyses, Brouhard and colleagues find a kinetic barrier to microtubule nucleation, which can be overcome by the action of the microtubule-associated proteins XMAP215 and TPX2.
Green and colleagues characterize LC3-associated phagocytosis as a process that depends on Rubicon, Beclin-1, UVRAG and VPS34 but not on canonical autophagy proteins.
Tavazoie and colleagues report that activation of pannexin-1 channels and the subsequent stimulation of autocrine purinergic signalling promotes the survival of disseminated cancer cells in the microvasculature of metastasis target organs.
Williamson and colleagues demonstrate that mRNA-decapping enzyme Dcp2 is phosphorylated by mTORC1, leading to degradation of Atg mRNA and suppression of autophagy, influencing immunity and inflammation.