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Circadian co-regulators cryptochrome 1 and 2 are shown to alter globally the transcriptional response to glucocorticoids in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
The persistent, shallow connection between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea that caused the Messinian salinity crisis may have been sustained by a balance between tectonic uplift and erosion due to inflow.
The microRNA miR-126 suppresses the formation of breast cancer metastases via the suppression of several novel pro-angiogenic genes that cooperate in the recruitment of endothelial cells, leading to the formation of metastatic colonies.
A mouse model is developed in which the pro-apoptotic activity of DCC is silenced and the mice are more prone to intestinal tumour progression, giving insight into the role of DCC in human colorectal cancer.
The crystal structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase is determined and found to be markedly different from that of propionyl-CoA carboxylase.
A conserved protein from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, NleE, inhibits innate immune defence against infection by disrupting the NF-κB signalling pathway through methylation of ubiquitin-chain sensing proteins.
IgA secreting plasma cells in the lamina propria are shown to be an important source of iNOS and TNF required to maintain the homeostatic balance between intestinal microbes and the immune system.
A simple and mild strategy for the direct trifluoromethylation of unactivated arenes and heteroarenes that acts via a radical-mediated mechanism and uses commercial photocatalysts.
Two nearby black holes are the most massive yet found, with masses—of around ten billion solar masses—considerably greater than predicted by conventional methods relating black-hole mass with the stellar velocity dispersion and bulge luminosity of the host galaxy.
New fossils from Australia reveal that the Cambrian apex predator Anomalocaris possessed compound eyes more powerful than those of most living arthropods.
For the initiation of metastasis, there must be a small population of cancer stem cells at the secondary site and, to maintain this population and allow proliferation, infiltrating cancer cells must induce the expression of stromal periostin.
Mutations sometimes only affect a subset of genetically identical individuals; here, variation in the expression of chaperones and gene duplicates is shown to predict mutation outcome in C. elegans.
In mice, cocaine is found to potentiate excitatory transmission in medium-sized spiny neurons expressing the type-1 dopamine receptor; depotentiation reversed cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization, raising the possibility of novel treatments for addiction.
The crystal structure of the calcium-bound gating ring of a calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channel shows in detail how the effect of calcium binding on the gating ring produces the conformational change from closed to open.
Many TRP ion channels respond to more than one category of cue, and how they discriminate between them is largely unknown; the mechanism by which TRPA1 discriminates between sensory stimuli in Drosophila is now determined.