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CRISPR–CasX represents a distinct RNA-guided platform that is functionally separate from Cas9 and Cas12a and is active for bacterial and human genome modification.
A statistical approach to designing and predicting the fusion yield of cryogenic deuterium–tritium implosions leads to tripled yield in direct-drive laser fusion of deuterium–tritium layered targets.
The transcription factor PU.1 is an essential regulator of the pro-fibrotic gene expression program in fibroblasts; PU.1 expression is upregulated in various fibrotic diseases, whereas inactivation of PU.1 induces regression of fibrosis in a number of organs.
Optical dating of sediments from Denisova Cave establishes a chronology for its Pleistocene deposits and the associated artefacts, hominin remains and environmental records, which date to between about 300,000 and 20,000 years ago.
Adding reactive gases such as isoprene to mixtures lowers the production of secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere, thus reducing the atmospheric particulate burden, with implications for human health and climate.
A consortium of 11 bacterial strains from the healthy human gut microbiota can strongly induce interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cells in the intestine, and enhance both resistance to bacterial infection and the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
The current phase of subduction of the Nazca slab was established in the Peruvian Andes after a plate reorganization around 80 million years ago and then propagated progressively southwards.
The activation mechanism of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5, a member of the family C G-protein-coupled receptors, is characterized by a combination of cryo-electron microscopy, crystallography and signalling studies.
Inspired by the enhanced mechanical strength of microstructured metals, damage-tolerant architected materials are developed in which the internal structure is granular, with different regions having different lattice orientations.
Transcriptomic and genetic analyses of a deletion set of all known introns in genes of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that introns promote resistance to starvation.
A set of 34 excised introns in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, characterized by having a short distance between the lariat branch point and the 3′ splice site, have a biological function within the TOR growth-signalling network.
A hyper-stable de novo protein mimic of interleukin-2 computationally designed to not interact with a regulatory T-cell specific receptor subunit has improved therapeutic activity in mouse models of melanoma and colon cancer.
Specific interchromosomal contacts in olfactory sensory neurons form a super-enhancer that controls the expression of a single olfactory receptor in each neuron.
In physiologically normal epithelia, age-related expansion of clones that carry mutations in NOTCH1 and other driver genes is accelerated by risk factors for developing oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, such as alcohol consumption or smoking.
Cryo-electron microscopy structures are reported in which the full-length human α1β3γ2L GABAA receptor in lipid nanodiscs is bound to the channel-blocker picrotoxin, the competitive antagonist bicuculline, the agonist GABA, and the benzodiazepines alprazolam and diazepam.
