Volume 566 Issue 7742, 7 February 2019

The once-wild idea that intestinal bacteria influence mental health has transformed into a major research pursuit.

Software that uncovers suspicious papers will do little for a community that does not confront organized research fraud, says Jennifer Byrne.

Eruptions well north and south of the tropics strongly influence climate, contrary to conventional thinking.

Forest ecologist stumbles across a New World gliding rodent that glows rosé in ultraviolet light.

Brain region that naturally dampens pain falls short in those running an acute sleep deficit.

A bead of alcohol stars in a playful variation on a centuries-old physics demonstration.

Artificial device imitates plants that rely on osmosis to power their tendrils.

Greater screen time at age two corresponds to poorer scores on developmental test at age three.

Respiratory-tract bacteria stimulate immune cells, which encourages tumour cells to multiply.

The week in science: 1–7 February 2019.

Genetically identical primates could provide improved animal models of human disease, but some researchers raise ethical issues.

Moratorium comes after the US justice department charged the Chinese company with stealing trade secrets.

Rather than building objects layer by layer, the printer creates whole structures by projecting light into a resin that solidifies.

Managers’ decision to focus their satellite on the Antarctic has upset some researchers who study ice around the northern pole.

Sophisticated algorithms could help DNA-synthesis companies avoid making dangerous organisms on demand.

More than 89,000 public comments flood in on government proposal to rewrite Title IX, which prohibits sexual harassment in educational settings.

A decree by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has established a national space agency, but many details are still to come.

Intense controversies surround studies of how many people perish in conflicts and disasters, but researchers are developing new ways to measure mortality rates.

Researchers are struggling to assess the dangers of nondegradable compounds used in clothes, foams and food wrappings.

Combine pockets of rural land, reduce food waste, improve farming and encourage urbanites to eat less meat, urge Baojing Gu and colleagues.

Bernard Wood explores a claim that our nearest cousins were our cognitive equals — and that birds had a part to play in that.

Rebekah Higgitt relishes a biography of Charles Hutton, the mathematician who calculated Earth’s density and called for scientific reform.

Barbara Kiser reviews five of the week’s best science picks.

Mathematician who transformed the fields he brought together.

Scientific publishing is increasingly adopting the technology underlying cryptocurrencies.

Support-based peer associations offer professional value.

Why some scientists choose to forgo promising careers abroad to return to their countries of birth.

Low proportions could be the result of a reluctance to apply or to discrimination.

Glutamate receptors facilitate the transmission of excitatory signals in the brain. A series of structures reveals how the shape of one such receptor alters on activation, providing insight that might aid drug discovery.

A method for making a version of a gene more likely to be inherited than normal, generating what is called a gene drive, might be used to control insect populations. It has now been reported to work in mammals, too.

A technique that harnesses energy loss has been used to produce a phase of matter in which particles of light are locked in place. This opens a path to realizing previously unseen exotic phases of matter.

DNA sequences called retrotransposons can copy themselves and reintegrate at new sites in the genome, causing damage. It now seems that inhibiting this process can prevent age-related health decline in mice.

Mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets is accelerating as a result of rising global temperatures. Two studies explore how this mass loss will affect sea level and other aspects of the climate in the future.

How Nature reported a strange natural phenomenon in 1969, and an anti-louse campaign in 1919.

The gut is an active site of immune defence against disease-causing microbes. A study in mice shows that a type of immune cell in the gut’s wall also helps to regulate sugar and fat metabolism.

Engineered dissipation is used to stabilize a Mott-insulator phase of photons trapped in a superconducting circuit, providing insights into thermalization processes in strongly correlated quantum matter.

By better quantifying uncertainties for marine ice-cliff instability, future Antarctic ice loss is predicted to be much lower than previously estimated.

Increased meltwater from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets will slow the Atlantic overturning circulation and warm the subsurface ocean around Antarctica, further increasing Antarctic ice loss.

During cellular senescence in human and mouse cells, L1 transposons become transcriptionally derepressed and trigger a type-1 interferon response, which contributes to age-associated inflammation and age-related phenotypes.

The activation mechanism of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5, a member of the family C G-protein-coupled receptors, is characterized by a combination of cryo-electron microscopy, crystallography and signalling studies.

Simulations of early galaxy formation suggest that the dynamics of structure formation, rather than the Lyman–Werner flux, drives the formation of massive black holes in the early Universe.

The thermal vibrations of a carbon nanotube are directly measured in real time with high displacement sensitivity and fine time resolution, revealing dynamics undetected by previous time-averaged measurements.

The metalloenzyme SznF catalyses the formation of an N–N bond in the biosynthesis of streptozotocin, providing insights into the enzymatic assembly of an N-nitroso group.

Sequencing of total and ribosome-associated mRNAs enables identification of specific mRNAs that are differentially translationally regulated along the neuronal stem cell lineage, independently of their availability.

In the early embryo, Cas9 expressed in the female germline induces double-stranded breaks that are corrected by homology-directed repair, biasing inheritance of a desired allele in mice.

In the mouse intestine, pyruvate and lactate produced from bacterial metabolites enhance immune responses through inducing dendrite protrusion, mediated by GPR31, of small intestinal mononuclear cells that express CX3CR1.

Integrin β7-dependent Glp1r^high natural gut intraepithelial T lymphocytes that reside in the small intestine modulate dietary metabolism in mice by restricting the bioavailability of GLP-1.

An assay to measure the latent HIV-1 reservoir that separately quantifies intact and defective proviruses will facilitate evaluation of HIV-1 cure strategies by measuring the provirues that pose a barrier to cure.

Three-dimensional imaging of mouse pancreatic ducts before and after oncogenic transformation reveals that epithelial tumorigenesis is determined by the relationship between tissue curvature and apical–basal mechanical tension.

The structure of a Rubisco–CcmM complex sheds light on the formation of carboxysomes in cyanobacteria.

The cryo-EM structure of the post-translational protein translocation machinery of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane shows that Sec63 opens the channel, enabling insertion of low-hydrophobicity signal sequences into the lipid phase.