Volume 520 Issue 7547, 16 April 2015

Researchers need help in making the statistical power of animal experiments clear.

Alan Rusbridger wants researchers to help convince powerful philanthropic organizations to set an example and stop propelling carbon emissions.

Feel-good memes dominate social media in celebration of research and women scientists.

The week in science: Protests delay telescope construction, Brazil approves GM eucalyptus; and African Centres for Disease Control and Prevention takes shape.

Move addresses concerns that some experiments are not using enough animals.

Biomedical-funding revamp threatens to marginalize under-represented researchers.

From kidneys to hands, 3D printers are churning out made-to-order bones and rudimentary organs.

Iranian physicists excited at prospects for a new physics lab and greater collaboration with the rest of the world.

US science and engineering professors preferred female job candidates by two to one.

Nature Biotechnology asks peer reviewers to check accessibility of code used in computational studies.

Thirty years of pursuit have failed to yield a drug to take on one of the deadliest families of cancer-causing proteins. Now some researchers are taking another shot.

Key voices from the project reveal the twists and turns of the space telescope’s 25-year career.

Twenty-five years after launch, the wild success of the space telescope argues for a new era of bold exploration in the face of tight budgets, says Mario Livio.

To get targeted treatments to more cancer patients pair genomic data with clinical data, and make the information widely accessible, urges Mark A. Rubin.

Rikke Schmidt Kjærgaard applauds a cogent guide to scientific cartography.

Barbara Kiser reviews five of the week's best science picks.

The first geological map of a nation was made 200 years ago by British surveyor William Smith; the rediscovery of a first-edition copy in the archives of the Geological Society of London was announced last month (see go.nature.com/oogpht). As researchers gather for a conference to celebrate the anniversary of the 1815 chart of England and Wales, John Henry, chair of the society's history group, talks about the map and its pioneering creator.

Analyses of prostate-cancer metastases reveal a complex cellular architecture, and show that secondary sites can be seeded by multiple cell populations derived from both the primary tumour and other metastases. See Letter p.353

Experimental results suggest that if Earth initially grew by the accumulation of highly chemically reduced material, its core could contain enough uranium to drive the planet's magnetic field throughout Earth's history. See Letter p.337

Molecular tracing of populations of breast-cancer cells in a primary tumour in mice reveals that two proteins, Serpine2 and Slpi, enable tumour cells to form vascular-like networks, facilitating perfusion and metastasis. See Letter p.358

Drug manufacture can benefit from flow synthesis, in which raw materials are fed into a sequence of reactors, producing the drug as a continuous output. A flow strategy that capitalizes on solid catalysts has now been realized. See Letter p.329

The neutron–proton mass difference, one of the most consequential parameters of physics, has now been calculated from fundamental theories. This landmark calculation portends revolutionary progress in nuclear physics.

An analysis of fish declines in coral reefs shows that simple fishing limits and implementation of marine protected areas can be enough to support recovery of coral ecosystem resilience. See Letter p.341

Competing financial interests. The majority of authors are employees of Genentech Inc. and/or hold stock in Roche.

The crystal structures of the human adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are solved at 2.9 and 2.4 Å resolution, respectively; the structural and functional information may aid the development and optimization of adiponectin receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity-related diseases.

Two X-ray crystal structures are presented of the human P2Y₁ G-protein-coupled receptor, which is an important target for anti-thrombotic drugs; the structures unexpectedly reveal two ligand-binding sites.

Observations of CK Vulpeculae reveal that it is surrounded by molecular gas and dust whose large mass and chemical composition cannot have come from a nova; the best explanation is that this object is the remnant of the merger of two stars.

An aluminium-ion battery is reported that can charge within one minute, and offers improved cycle life compared to previous devices; it operates through the electrochemical deposition and dissolution of aluminium at the anode, and the intercalation/de-intercalation of chloroaluminate anions into a novel graphitic-foam cathode.

The continuous-flow synthesis of both enantiomers of a complex molecule, the anti-inflammatory drug rolipram, is described, using only columns packed with achiral and chiral heterogeneous catalysts, thus enabling batch processing to be avoided.

A delay between surface cooling and the arrival of ice-rafted debris at a site southwest of Iceland over the past four glacial cycles implies that icebergs typically arrived too late to have triggered cooling, although the freshwater derived from melting icebergs may provide a positive feedback for cold stadial conditions.

High pressure experiments show that addition of a reduced sulfur-rich body to Earth during its accretion would provide enough energy to power the core’s geodynamo and, by fractionating neodymium relative to samarium, would explain the observed enrichment of Earth’s mantle in neodymium-142.

A study of the recovery potential of over 800 of the world's coral reefs shows that 83% of fished reefs are missing more than half their expected biomass, with severe consequences for key ecosystem functions; protection from fishing would allow full recovery in 35 years on average, but in 59 years for the most degraded reefs.

Initially weak episodic memories in humans can be selectively enhanced and consolidated following later emotional learning involving conceptually related information, suggesting a mechanism for how we can remember initially inconsequential information after a relevant later experience.

Two genetically distinct populations of neurons in the subfornical organ of mice can either induce thirst and water-seeking behaviour or suppress thirst, regardless of the hydration status of the animal.

The subclonal composition of human prostate tumours and their metastases has been mapped by whole-genome sequencing, thus establishing the evolutionary trees behind the development and spread of these cancers; an important observation was that metastases could be re-seeded multiple times, and spread from one tumour to another was frequently seen.

Different clones of a mammary tumour cell line possess differential abilities to contribute to the formation of metastasis; the expression of Serpine2 and Slp1 proteins drives vascular mimicry and metastasis to the lung, with similar associations observed in human data sets, and these proteins also function as anticoagulants, thus further promoting extravasation of tumour cells.

Tumours are a low-oxygen environment, in this study glioblastoma cells are found to overexpress the serine hydroxymethyltransferase SHMT2; SHMT acts to reduce oxygen consumption, which confers the tumour cells with a survival advantage.

Tumour cells respond to an effective, targeted drug treatment with BRAF, ALK or EGFR kinase inhibitors by inducing a complex network of secreted signals that promote tumour growth, dissemination and metastasis of drug-resistant cancer cell clones, and increase the survival of drug-sensitive tumour cells, potentially contributing to incomplete tumour regression.

In this study, involving melanoma patients and a mouse model for melanoma, an optimal anti-tumour response was induced by using a combination of radiation with anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-L1 antibody therapies, each attacking the tumour from a different angle.

Parasites of the Theileria genus infect cattle and transform their host cells, a transformation that can be reversed by treatment with the drug buparvaquone; here, a Theileria homologue of the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase PIN1 is shown to be secreted into the host cell, where it promotes transformation and can be directly inhibited by buparvaquone.

The monocyclic β-lactam rings of the nocardicin family of antibiotics are biosynthesized by an unprecedented activity of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, a mechanism that is distinct from the pathways to the other classes of β-lactam antibiotics.

Sometimes a drug causes a tumour to completely recede, but only in a tiny percentage of people. Scientists want to decipher such outlier responses for the benefit of all patients.

Ice-core scientists struggle to adapt as the subject of their research melts away.

A structural biologist explains why now is a good time for scientists to return to India.

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