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The triple-α reaction rate in proton-rich core-collapse supernovae is found to be enhanced at high nucleon densities, suppressing the formation of proton-rich nuclei from gallium to cadmium.
A cryo-electron microscopy structure of the yeast pheromone receptor Ste2, a class D G-protein-coupled receptor, in its active state reveals that Ste2 is a homodimer that couples to two G proteins.
Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography is used to reveal the structural changes that stabilize the charge-separation steps of electron-transfer reactions in the photosynthetic reaction centre of Blastochloris viridis on a timescale of picoseconds.
A model is proposed for the origin of cratonic lithospheric mantle in which rifting and melting in the hot, early Earth mantle leave behind large volumes of stiffer, depleted mantle.
Ultrasonic vocalizations of male mice distinguish aggressive, male-directed mounting from reproductive, female-directed mounting behaviours, which are represented by distinct ESR1-expressing populations of neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus and medial preoptic area, respectively.
The fine-structure constant is determined with an accuracy of 81 parts per trillion using matter-wave interferometry to measure the rubidium atom recoil velocity.
High-phylogenetic-resolution microbiome mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization (HiPR-FISH) enables the spatial mapping of hundreds of species of microorganisms and shows how microbial networks in the mouse gut are affected by antibiotic treatment.
In zebrafish, the expression levels of the neuropeptide Pth2 change as exposure to conspecifics is limited or increased, and these changes track the presence of individuals and group density through mechanical stimulations induced by the movements of other fish.
The structure of myosin-2 in the shutdown state reveals how the shutdown state is stabilized and how phosphorylation of light chains allows myosin to be activated.
High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of smooth muscle myosin II in the inhibited state enables increased understanding of the functions of the head and tail regions in regulation of myosin activity and the pathological mechanisms of disease mutations.
Data augmentation and a self-correcting design are used to develop a reinforcement-learning algorithm for the autonomous navigation of Loon superpressure balloons in challenging stratospheric weather conditions.
A peptidergic brainstem circuit is identified that supports the initiation and establishment of breathing by providing a supplementary respiratory drive immediately after birth.
Galactosaminogalactan of Aspergillus fumigatus acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern that activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is crucial for anti-fungal host defence.
Expression of three Yamanaka transcription factors in mouse retinal ganglion cells restores youthful DNA methylation patterns, promotes axon regeneration after injury, and reverses vision loss in a mouse model of glaucoma and in aged mice, suggesting that mammalian tissues retain a record of youthful epigenetic information that can be accessed to improve tissue function.
A candidate vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 that uses the yellow fever 17D live-virus vector is highly efficacious and displays a favourable safety profile in Syrian hamster, mouse and cynomolgus macaque models.
A versatile and rapid metallaphotoredox catalytic method of making 3H- and 11C-labelled tracer compounds for use in positron emission tomography (PET) is reported.
Depletion of TRF2—an essential mediator of telomere protection in most mammalian cells—in mouse embryonic stem cells activates a compensatory transcriptional program that renders TRF2 dispensable for their survival and proliferation.
Chromosome-scale sequence assemblies of 20 diverse varieties of barley are used to construct a first-generation pan-genome, revealing previously hidden genetic variation that can be used by studies aimed at crop improvement