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Differential DNA methylation and the long-range effects of chromatin organization lead to pronounced differences in recombination landscape between males and females.
Therapeutic T cells bearing ligands engineered to optimize adhesion and transmigration through the blood–brain barrier can be targeted to brain tumours.
Osteoclasts secrete small extracellular vesicles that stimulate osteoblasts, promoting bone formation via receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), thereby linking bone formation and resorption.
Analysis of blood from a healthy human show that haematopoietic stem cells increase rapidly in numbers through early life, reaching a stable plateau in adulthood, and contribute to myeloid and B lymphocyte populations throughout life.
Comparison of multiple lesions from individual pancreases sheds light on how ancestral clones can spread through the ductal system and give rise to precursor lesions, with acquisition of further mutations leading to pancreatic cancer.
Crystal structures and molecular simulations of the designed anion-conducting channelrhodopsin iC++ provide molecular insights that enable structure-based design of channelrhodopsins with desirable properties for use as optogenetic tools.
The Newtonian gravitational constant is measured with two independent methods, yielding results with relative standard uncertainties of 11.6 parts per million—the lowest uncertainty reported until now.
Temporal information that is useful for episodic memory is encoded across a wide range of timescales in the lateral entorhinal cortex, arising inherently from its representation of ongoing experience.
The enzyme glutamine synthetase is active in endothelial cell migration during angiogenesis, through autopalmitoylation and the regulation of RHOJ signalling.
Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of the purified Plasmodium translocon of exported proteins (PTEX) reveals two distinct resolved states, suggesting a mechanism by which Plasmodium falciparum exports malarial effector proteins into erythrocytes.
The cryo-electron microscopy structure of a paused transcription elongation complex of RNA polymerase II bound to DRB sensitivity-inducing factor and negative elongation factor is reported at 3.2 Å resolution.
The cryo-electron microscopy structure of an activated transcription elongation complex of RNA polymerase II bound to DRB sensitivity-inducing factor and the elongation factors PAF1 complex and SPT6 is reported at 3.1 Å resolution.
A cryo-electron microscopy structure of the insect Orco subunit, which forms ion channels with diverse olfactory receptors, reveals a tetrameric cation channel and sheds light on insect olfaction.
CPEB4 binds the mRNA of genes known to be associated with autism and shows an isoform imbalance in individuals with autism, and an equivalent imbalance in mice induces an autism-like phenotype.
The balance of DELLA and GRF4 proteins in plants ensures the co-regulation of growth with metabolism and tipping this balance towards GRF4 leads to higher efficiency of nitrogen use.
The extent, origins and consequences of genetic variation within human cell lines are studied, providing a framework for researchers to measure such variation in efforts to support maximally reproducible cancer research.
Stimulating the release of serotonin (5-HT) in the nucleus accumbens in wild-type mice promotes sociability, and rescues deficits in social behaviours in a mouse model of autism.
Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis identifies cell types and lineages in airway epithelium, including the pulmonary ionocyte, a new cell type predominantly expressing the cystic fibrosis gene CFTR.