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Earth sciences often investigate the causal relationships between processes and events, but there is confusion about the correct use of methods to learn these relationships from data. This Technical Review explains the application of causal inference techniques to time series and demonstrates its use through two examples of climate and biosphere-related investigations.
The advent of advanced plate tectonic reconstruction software has instigated an explosive growth in their generation and use by the wider Earth science community. This Technical Review provides a best-practice guide for quantitative plate reconstructions and their applications.
Detection, monitoring and prediction are essential to managing landslide risks. This Technical Review examines the use of remote-sensing technology in tracking landslides and mitigating disaster.
