GI Motility Online

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From the following article

Physiology of oral cavity, pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter

Benson T. Massey

GI Motility online (2006)

doi:10.1038/gimo2

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Figure 1 - Unfortunately we are unable to provide accessible alternative text for this. If you require assistance to access this image, or to obtain a text description, please contact npg@nature.com

Figure 1

Diagrammatic illustration of motor events of swallowing reflex.

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Figure 2

Origin of cranial nerves involved in swallowing.

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Figure 3

Origin of cranial nerves involved in swallowing.

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Figure 4

Distribution of hypoglossal (XII) nerve.

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Figure 5

Sensory nerve supply of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and pharynx.

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Figure 6

Distribution of the CN IX (glossopharyngeal).

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Figure 7

Distribution of the vagus nerve (X) to oral and pharyngeal areas.

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Table 1

Innervation and actions of masticatory and facial muscles involved in oropharyngeal swallowing

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Table 2

Innervation and actions of the tongue involved in oropharyngeal swallowing

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Table 3

Innervation and actions of suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles involved in oropharyngeal swallowing

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Table 4

Innervation and actions of palatal muscles involved in oropharyngeal swallowing

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Table 5

Innervation and actions of pharyngeal muscles involved in oropharyngeal swallowing

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Table 6

Innervation and actions of laryngeal muscles involved in oropharyngeal swallowing

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