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Under high temperature in zebrafish, the temperature sensitive ion channel Trpv4 is upregulated in Leydig cells, inducing apoptosis. Leydig cell-specific apoptosis decreases steroid hormone synthesis, impairing the motility of sperm with compromised genome integrity.
A GPS study on wild vulturine guineafowl reveals shared decision-making similar to that in baboons and theoretical models. In directional conflicts, followers compromise for small differences and choose the majority’s direction for large differences.
Mucosal pentraxin 2 (Mptx2) is identified as a marker of Paneth cells, and its deficiency is shown to trigger microbiota dysbiosis and increased epithelial invasion by bacteria while also reducing secretory autophagy.
Analysis of CRISPR mutants of two Y-linked genes, WDY and PRY, suggest they play roles in different aspects of sperm motility, culminating in an inability of sperm to be stored in female Drosophila melanogaster.
A multi-perturbation crystallographic study on the atypical phosphatase STEP reveals that temperature and pressure are powerful macromolecular perturbations, with distinct effects on protein backbone, side-chain conformations, and ordered solvent.
Ants exhibit a behavioural strategy of actively abandoning toxic foods and gradually avoiding the area to protect the colony, reducing the entry of harmful foods. This behavior threatens invasive ant control measures, since the ants abandon the baits.
A theoretical model, based on empirical data, predicts that population structuring according to defensive tactics used against natural enemies enhances the population mortality, whereas nonplastic (permanent) structuring reduces this negative effect.
Single-cell profiling of primary and bone metastatic renal cell carcinoma suggests variation in intratumoral heterogeneity between samples and the is a valuable resource for examining the underlying pathogenic mechanisms for these cancers.
A neuroanatomical study of the brains of tool-using teleost fishes highlights the pallium and inferior lobe as the putative structures responsible for this behavior, and suggests that there are multiple ways of evolving tool-using brains.
A protein engineering strategy has revealed that an acyl carrier protein domain is asymmetrically distributed within the reaction chamber of a fatty acid synthase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
A genomic analysis of 22 S. cereviseae yeast strains used in beer brewing suggest that yeast used to brew Guinness form a distinct evolutionary sub-clade, and that the modern-day Guinness yeast is closely related to the 1903 Watling Laboratory Guinness yeast.
Using a subset of 399 genotypes from the 3000 rice genomes panel, genotypes carrying superior haplotypes were identified for five genes associated with yield under drought stress that hold potential for the development of high-yield drought-tolerant varieties in rice.
CRISPR-Cas enzymes are increasingly entering clinical trials for gene therapies but can sometimes alter DNA off-target. We present an approach to modify the guide RNA to effectively eliminate off-target activity for target sequences of interest.
Protein-protein interaction networks of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk genes in human vascular cells are enriched for genetic variants associated with CAD and can be used to guide future research into the molecular pathogenesis of CAD.
Using an experimental evolution approach, this study provides direct evidence that herbivory-induced responses contribute to rapid adaptive evolution to herbivores in plants.
A sex chromosome identification method for ancient DNA revealed six individuals who lived with chromosomal aneuploidies in Britain from ~ 2,500 to 250 years ago. Genomic and osteological information was combined to shed light on their lives.
Ex vivo electrophysiology reveals that vagus firing patterns differ between aged and young mice, and that the aminosterol, squalamine, changed aged neuronal firing to a younger neuron phenotype. Squalamine, but not sertraline, increased firing rates in the aged vagus.
The dengue viral protein NS5 interacts with human STAT2 in a conformational selection mechanism, and structural analysis reveals that subtle amino acid variation in NS5 proteins underpins their species-specific host interactions.
CCDC88B physically interacts with ARHGEF2 and RASAL3; defective mice show dampened neuroinflammation, altered susceptibility to colitis and altered DCs motility by modulating RHOA, with ARHGEF2 and RASAL3 acting in opposite regulatory fashions.
Autologous serum- and feeder-free cultured epithelium showcases comparable efficacy, increased safety over serum- and feeder-dependent epithelium, revealing the role of LAMB3+ keratinocytes and ZNF90+ fibroblasts in vitiligo.